4201316
Beschreibung
Mindmap von Emma White, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Emma White
vor etwa 9 Jahre
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Approaches in Psychology
- Behaviourist Approach
- Description
- Key
Assumptions
- Behaviour is
learnt from
experiences
- Only observable behaviour is
measurable scientifically and
it is only these behaviours
that can be studied
- It is valid to study the behaviour
of animals as they share the same
principles of learning (CC&OC)
- According to the behaviourists we are
born as a blank state (tabula rasa) so
there is no genetic influence
- Behaviour is
learnt from
experiences
- Key
Psychologists
- Pavlov
- CC
- CC
- Skinner
- OC
- OC
- Bandura
- SLT
- SLT
- Pavlov
- Nurture-> learnt
from the
environment
- Behaviour that
is learnt can be
unlearnt
- Adopts a scientific
approach -
observation and
measurement
- Key
Assumptions
- Description
- Cognitive Approach
- Description
- Visual, Shallow
processing,
Requires little
effort
- Thought processes
proceed all
behaviour
- Atkinson & Shiffrin
- INPUT: See your friend across
the road, wave at them, see no
response from their
processing, assume they did
not see you OUTPUT ask them
about it later
- INPUT: See your friend across
the road, wave at them, see no
response from their
processing, assume they did
not see you OUTPUT ask them
about it later
- Computer Analogy
- The mind works like a computer
in that it has an input from our
senses, which it then processes
and produces an output such as
language or specific behaviour
- The mind works like a computer
in that it has an input from our
senses, which it then processes
and produces an output such as
language or specific behaviour
- Memory,
Language
etc.
- Schema
- Knowledge is
stored in blocks
- Knowledge is
stored in blocks
- Visual, Shallow
processing,
Requires little
effort
- Evaluation
- Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- High Order Evaluation
- Description
- Biological Model
- Description
- Key
Assumptions
- Everything psychological is at
first biological& to understand
human behaviour we must look
at biological structures and
processes within the body such
as genes, nervous system and
neurochemistry
- Assumes all thoughts,
feelings and behaviour
have an underlying
physical basis
- Model is contract to COGNITIVE
- Everything psychological is at
first biological& to understand
human behaviour we must look
at biological structures and
processes within the body such
as genes, nervous system and
neurochemistry
- Genotype &
Phenotype
- Genotype=persons
ACTUAL genetic
makeup. It has written
genetic code within the
DNA. Everyone's is
different apart from
twins
- Phenotype=how genes are
EXPRESSED through either
physical, behavioural and
psychological characteristics
- HYDE
- Differences in
genotype and
phenotype
- Environmental
experiment
- Differences in
genotype and
phenotype
- Genotype=persons
ACTUAL genetic
makeup. It has written
genetic code within the
DNA. Everyone's is
different apart from
twins
- Genetic
Inheritance
- Behaviour genetics
study behaviour
characteristics and says
they are inherited
- 50% or genetics are
from the mother and
50% are the fathers
- Genes=blueprint of
characterisation, how they are
expressed depends on the
complex inheritance
- Monozygotic (I) Twins share
100% of genetics whereas
dizygotic (non-I) twins share 50%
like siblings
- GOTTESMAN AND SHIELD
- Twin Study
- Twin Study
- Behaviour genetics
study behaviour
characteristics and says
they are inherited
- Biological
Structure
- Nervous System
- CNS (brain and
spinal cord) + PNS
(somatic and
autonomic nervous
system)
- CNS (brain and
spinal cord) + PNS
(somatic and
autonomic nervous
system)
- CNS
- Transfers messages to and
from the environment
- Transfers messages to and
from the environment
- PNS
- Sends and receives
information to the CNS
- Sends and receives
information to the CNS
- Nervous System
- Evolutionary
Theory
- Key
Assumptions
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Weaknesses
- Strengths
- High Order Evaluation
- Description
- Behaviourist Approach
- High Order Evaluation
- Ethical and Practical
Issues in Animal
Experiment
- Environmental
Determinism
- Ethical and Practical
Issues in Animal
Experiment
- Evaluation
- Scientific Credibility
- Able to bring the language and methods of
natural sceicnes into psychology by focusing
on the measurement of observation behaviour
within highly controlled lab settings.
- Objectivity and replication, behaviourism was
influential in the development of psychology as a
scientific discipline - greater credibility and status
- Able to bring the language and methods of
natural sceicnes into psychology by focusing
on the measurement of observation behaviour
within highly controlled lab settings.
- Mechanistic View
of Behaviour
- Animals and humans=passive
and machine-like responders
to the environment, with little
or no conscious insight into
their behaviour.
- SLT and COGNITIVE
approach have
emphasised importance of
mental events during
learning
- These processes,
which mediate
between the stimulus
and response, suggest
that people may play
more of a role
- These processes,
which mediate
between the stimulus
and response, suggest
that people may play
more of a role
- Animals and humans=passive
and machine-like responders
to the environment, with little
or no conscious insight into
their behaviour.
- Real Life Application
- Token Economy
Systems and Phobias
- Principles of conditioning applied
to a broad range of real-world
behaviours and problems
- Operant Conditioning - in prisons.
Where prisoners who are well
behaved receive a reward-'token
economy' in order to exchange a
privlage
- Classical Conditioning - applied to
treatment of phobias - the patient does not
have to think of their phobia
- Operant Conditioning - in prisons.
Where prisoners who are well
behaved receive a reward-'token
economy' in order to exchange a
privlage
- Principles of conditioning applied
to a broad range of real-world
behaviours and problems
- Token Economy
Systems and Phobias
- Scientific Credibility
- High Order Evaluation
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