Zusammenfassung der Ressource
introduction to attachment
- caregiver infant interactions
- reciprocity
- babies and mums spend a lot
of time together
- mother responds to babies actions -
by picking them up
- reciprocal when the person
responds to the other
- babies have an active role
- baby and mum initiate interactions
- basics
- babies have social
interaction from
birth
- important for child's development
- interactional synchrony
- the temporal
co-ordination of micro
level social behaviour
- mother & babies actions
mirror each other
- as young as 2 weeks
- important for attachment
- Isabella
- studied interactional synchrony and attachment
- high levels of synchrony = stronger attachment
- feldman
- attachment figures
- parent - infant
- Schaffer & Emerson
- mother is primary attachment
- 7 months
- father is secondary attachment
- 18 months
- role of the father
- Grossman
- looked at both parents behaviour
then quality of attachment in the
child's teens
- quality of attachment with
mother was greater than with
fathers
- however quality of fathers play was important
- fathers have a different role
- not nurturing but playing
- fathers as primary carers
- field
- if father is the primary
caregiver they do
nurture more
- primary caregiver fathers smile, imitate and hold more
- with attachments it is the level of responsiveness not the gender
- evaluation - caregiver infant reactions
- hard to observe infants -
- hard to be certain what the baby means
- we look at hand and facial movements
- what if it's just copying the mother
- controlled observations +
- most of these observations are controlled
- fine details can be seen and recorded
- babies don't know they are being
watched so no artificial behaviour
- so goo validity
- observations don't tell use why (purpose) -
- synchrony and reciprocity only
describe the behaviour
- don't know why
- however are helpful with the
development of attachments
- also help: stress responses,
empathy, language and moral
development
- evaluation - attachment figures
- inconsistent findings -
- different researchers look at different things
- some as fathers as the primary care giver
- some as fathers as the secondary care giver
- both find different results which contradicts
- if fathers have a distinct role
why aren't fatherless children
different? -
- children growing up with
a single or same sex male
parent families
- are not different
- even though research says they
should be
- so fathers role is not important
- why don't fathers generally be the primary attachment? -
- is it traditional gender roles
- women more nurturing
- female hormones
- higher levels of nurturing
- biologically more nurturing
- evaluation +
- working mothers
- socially sensitive research
- some children may be disadvantaged
- if the mother goes back to work
soon after giving birth
- interactional synchrony won't happen
- important for developing attachments
- what is attachment?
- a close two way emotional bond between 2 individuals
- each individual sees the other as essential for
their own emotional security
- behaviours
- proximity
- people try and stay close to whom they are attached to
- separation distress
- distressed when attachment figure leaves
- secure base behaviour
- returning to attachment figure
- stranger
- feeling uncomfortable when a stranger is present