Supreme Court and African American Civil Rights

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Supreme Court and African American Civil Rights
  1. Supreme Court
    1. Late 1800s
      1. 1873 - Salughter house Case

        Anmerkungen:

        • Undid work of congress. Stated that the rights of citizens should stay under state. This would allow segregation to maintain especially in the South for many more years
        1. 1896 - Plessy v. Ferguson

          Anmerkungen:

          • Gave the principle of " separate but equal" would allow segregation but had to be of equal standard. Undid the work of congress with the Civil Rights Act 1876
        2. 1950s
          1. Brown v. Board 1954
            1. Browder V. Gayle

              Anmerkungen:

              • Segregation on buses unconstitutional 
          2. Presidents
            1. Late 19th & 20th Century
              1. Took little action to change anything
                1. Grover Cleveland
                  1. Stressed importance for equal rights for all
                  2. Theodore Roosevelt
                    1. Met with Booker T. Washington
                  3. More action
                    1. Woodrow Wilson
                      1. Dismissed African American advisors
                        1. Refused to meet with civil rights leaders
                        2. Herbert Hoover
                          1. Attempted to appoint racist judge, stopped by Supreme Court
                      2. 20th Century
                        1. FDR
                          1. New Deal 1933

                            Anmerkungen:

                            • Would economically Aid African Americans
                            1. 1941 - Executive Order

                              Anmerkungen:

                              • Banned racial discrimination in federal jobs
                            2. Truman
                              1. Fully desegregated the army
                              2. Kennedy
                                1. Began to draft new Civil Rights Act

                                  Anmerkungen:

                                  • Killed before he could finish it
                                2. Lyndon B. Johnson
                                  1. Civil Rights Act 1863
                                    1. Voting Rights Act 1864
                                  2. Nixon
                                    1. Reagan
                                      1. Suggested slowing down/stopping a fully equal society
                                      2. Bush
                                        1. Conservatised Supreme Court
                                    2. Congress
                                      1. Late 1800s
                                        1. Emancipation Proclamation 1963

                                          Anmerkungen:

                                          • Without the formal freeing of the slaves no work could be done on civil rights for the newly freed slaves. Congress allowed the start of the civil rights
                                          1. 13th Amendment 1865
                                          2. 14th (1868) & 15th (1870) Amendements

                                            Anmerkungen:

                                            • Gave newly freed slaves de jure equality. Techniqually from this point congress had given now African Americans equality. But this was no de facto
                                            1. Civil Rights Act 1875

                                              Anmerkungen:

                                              • Reaction to formal segregation. Mainly in the South. Stated that public y areas should not be segregated.
                                            2. Civil Rights Act 1957 & 1960

                                              Anmerkungen:

                                              • Quite weak acts.
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