Zusammenfassung der Ressource
the behavioural
approach to explaining
phobias
- the two process model
- Mowrer - based on the behavioural
approach (behaviour we can see)
- acquisition
- classical conditioning
- learning through association
- Little Albert
- UCS = UCR
- NS + UCS later produce a CR
- generalised to other objects e.g. furry objects
- maintained
- operant conditioning
- behaviour is reinforced
- rewarded
- punished
- avoid phobic stimulus =
- anxiety reduced
- fear reinforced
- phobia is maintained
- evaluation
- good explanatory power
- goes beyond just classical conditioning
- explains how phobias are maintained
- alternative to avoidance behaviour
- some avoidance can be motivation by positive feelings
- e.g. agoraphobia
- when feel safe are motivated
- so can leave the house with
someone they feel safe with
- incomplete explanation
- evolutionary factors
- have a phobia of dangerous things
- adaptive to have these fears - biological preparedness
- innate
- do not have a phobia of cars though dangerous
- not been around long enough
- evaluation +
- phobias that don't follow a trauma
- fear of snakes even though never met a snake
- cognitive aspects
- irrational beliefs
- cognitive distortions
- selective attention to phobic stimulus