Social Influence

Conformity
1. Asch (1956) LAB
  1. 3 line test
  2. All confederates
  3. 36.8% of participants conformed
  4. Without confederate tricks they got 99% correct
  5. Variation: more difficult task (higher conformity)
  6. 1956 anti-communism didn't want to be different
  7. Collectivist cultures showed higher conformity than independent ones
  8. Women more compliant
2. Explanations
  1. Normative social influence (NSI)
    1. Want to be liked
    2. Part of a group
    3. Research evidence: Garandeau and Cillessen Bully manipulation
  2. Informational social influence (ISI)
    1. Want to be correct
    2. Look towards experts
    3. Crisis or ambiguous situation
    4. Research evidence: Witterbrink and Henly found they implanted racist majority views
  3. Social Impact Theory (SIT)
    1. Number
    2. Strength
    3. Immediacy
    4. Research evidence: Sedikide and Jackson high strength and immediacy
Obedience
1. Milgram (1963) LAB
  1. Punishment affects learning
  2. 40 participants
  3. Learner confederate
  4. 12.5% stopped at 300V
  5. 65% continued to 400V
  6. Variations
    1. Proximity further (Authority)
      1. Obedience dropped
    2. Proximity closer (Victim)
      1. Obedience dropps
    3. Allies
      1. withdrew with confederates
  7. Internal validity (suspected fake)
  8. External validity (holocaust etc.)
  9. Ethics (deception)
2. Explanations
  1. Gradual commitment
    1. Foot in the door technique
    2. Milgram 15V incriments
  2. Agentic shift
    1. Autonomous and agentic state
      1. Lower morality
    2. Monocausal e.g. holocaust
    3. Excuse not explanation
  3. Buffers
    1. Physical buffer e.g. being in a different room increases obedience
Resisting
1. Conformity
  1. Allies
    1. Fellow dissenter allows them to see reality
  2. Minor consequences lower conformity
  3. Women conform more than men
2. Obedience
  1. Status - of authority figure and location
  2. Proximity - obedience decreased with sight of the victim
  3. Educational differences and religion factored
  4. Lower morality = more likely to obey
Minority Influence
1. Attention - being exposed to conflict of majority view
  1. Suffragettes used similar tactics
2. Conflict - causes us to examine their POV more deeply
3. Augmentation principle - if its risky to say something it's more beleivable
  1. Suffragettes - Cat & Mouse act
4. Only creates potential change, often aren't taken seriously

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Social Influence

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