AS psychology

AS psychology

Unit 1
1. key approaches
  1. biological
    1. the evolution of behaviour
    2. biological structures
    3. the influence of genes
  2. behaviourist
    1. classical conditioning
    2. operant conditioning
  3. social learning
    1. mediating cognitive factors
    2. modelling
  4. cognitive
    1. the study of internal mental processes and the use of models to explain these processes
  5. psychodynamic
    1. defence mechanisms
    2. the role of the unconscious
    3. psychosexual stages
    4. the structure of personality
  6. humanistic
    1. free will
    2. concepts of self and self-actualisation
    3. conditions of worth
2. biopsychology
  1. physiological psychology
    1. basic understanding of the structure and function of neurons and synaptic transmission
    2. the divisions of the nervous system
    3. localisation of function in the brain (cortical specialisation)
      1. motor
      2. somatosensory
      3. visual
      4. auditory
      5. 'language' centres
    4. methods used to identify areas of cortical specialisation
      1. invasive methods
        neurosurgery
        post-mortem examinations
        electric and chemical stimulation
      2. non invasive methods
        electroencephalogram (EEG)
        scanning
        computerised axial tomography (CAT)
        positron emission tomography (PET)
        magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
    5. actions of the symathetic and parasymathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
      1. adrenal glands
      2. adrenalin
      3. fight or flight response
  2. the genetic basis of behaviour
    1. the difference between genotype and phenotype
      1. genotype
        the genetic make-up of an individual
      2. phenotype
        genotype + environment
    2. types of twins
      1. monozygotic (MZ)
        one Zygot - formed when a fertiliseed egg cell splits into two and forms two seperate embryos
      2. dizygotic (DZ)
        two zygotes - formed when two seperate eggs both become fertilised by deffferent sperm cells
      3. zygote
        a fertilised cell (union of an egg cell amd a sperm cell)
    3. use of twin stuties, family and adoption studies to investgate the genetic basis of behaviour
3. gender development
  1. sex and gender
    1. androgyny
      1. displaying roughly equal levels of masculine and feminine traits/behaviours
  2. biological explanations
  3. social learning
  4. cognitive approach
  5. psychodynamic approach
4. research methods
Unit 2
1. social influence
2. social cognition
3. remembering and forgetting
4. perceptual processes
5. anxiety disorders
6. autism

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