Foreign Policy Towards Spain

Treaty of London, 1604
1. A Spanish and English delegation, sitting at Somerset House in London
2. James was pleased with the outcome, saying he had delivered the blessing of peace abroad to his subjects
3. Hostilities ceased and good trade concessions were gained in Spain and Netherlands but no concession on Spanish colonial trade
4. Advantages
  1. Favourable balance of trade
  2. Pacification of Ireland could proceed more easily
  3. English merchants got a better deal
Dynastic Marriages
1. Used his children to balance out European power
2. Stabilize Europe and safeguard his dynasty through a Protestant marriage for his daughter and a Spanish Catholic marriage for his son
3. Henry was due to marry the infanta Anne, but he was reluctant to marry a Catholic
4. Protestant marriage achieved in 1613 when Elizabeth married Elector Frederick V of the Palatinate
5. James was short of money after Addled parliament and Infanta Maria was suggested for Charles (a large dowry involved)
Change after 1618
1. Policy was closely interlinked with James's policy the HRE
2. Reflected growing tension between Evangelical Union and the Catholic League, expiry of Twelve Years Truce, Thirty Years War
3. Battle of White Mountain
  1. James' son-in-law was driven from Bohemia and he still would not get involved in hostilities in Europe
4. Spanish support for Austrian Hasburgs was significant as James lacked...
  1. A standing army
  2. sufficient financial backing for military intervention
  3. sufficient funds to support mercenary troops
5. James was ideologicaly and emotionally opposed to intervention
6. Wanted a diplomatic solution
  1. Sent 2,500 troops to the continent to indicate concern over the Palatinate, but forbidden to fight
Third Parliament
1. Offered James inadequate subsidies
2. Showed its strength by reviving the process of impeachment to attack monopolists and bring about the fall of Bacon
3. Foreign policy led to debates on matters of royal prerogative and parliamentary privilege
4. Common's Petition of 3rd December 1921
  1. "aid those of our religion in foreign parts"
  2. Marry Prince Charles to a Protestant
  3. Importance of foreign policy as stimulating key issues: finance, religion, prerogative and privelege
Visit to Madrid, 1623
1. Last attempt to achieve Spanish marriage
2. When this failed, Buckingham began to favor a French marriage for Charles
3. Their activities did much to undermine the traditional policy of James that was based on the Treaty of London
Fourth Parliament
1. Keen for war on Spain
  1. Supported by Buckingham and Charles
2. Cranfield was removed by impeachment
3. The key anchor of James's foreign policy, peace with Spain, was about to be severed
4. All treaties with Spain dissolved and voted £300,000 for a naval war
5. Approaches to France for a marriage between Charles and Henrietta Maria; successful

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Foreign Policy Towards Spain

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