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C3 - Chemicals in Our Lives
Beschreibung
Chemistry Mindmap am C3 - Chemicals in Our Lives, erstellt von nicole_j_baldwin am 28/12/2013.
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chemistry
chemistry
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nicole_j_baldwin
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Erstellt von
nicole_j_baldwin
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
C3 - Chemicals in Our Lives
Tectonic Plates
Earth Layers
Crust
Earths crust broken
Mantle
Slow moving solid
Core
Iron and Nickel
Move around
Continental drift
Few cm per year
Proof of continental drift
Magnetic clues
Constructive plate boundaries new crust forms
Magnatised
500,000 years Earth's polarity changes
Rock solidifies either normal or reversed polarity
Pattern
Used to estimate rock ages
Tracks movement
Sedimentary rocks
Rocks formed in different positions
Different climates
Different conditions
Geologists study the features to work out the environment in which they were formed
Fossils
Age
Conditions based on species
Ripples
Formed underwater
Sea
River
Shape of grains
Water-borne
Air-blown
Minerals in Earth's crust
Different rock types = different minerals
Formation Processes
Mountain building
Sedimentation
Dissolving
Erosion
Evaporation
Limestone
Sedimentary
Layers of sediment form seas or lakes
From shells, animal bones or erosion of pre-existing rocks
Calcium Carbonate
Formed from sea shells
Grey white
Coal
Fossilisation of plant matter
Carbon
Black
Hard
Formed under extreme pressures
ie. Mountain building
Salt
Evapouration
Britain
Underground deposits
Formed when ancient seas containing dissolved salt evaporated
eg. Cheshire and Teeside
Salt
Salt mining
Involves physical extraction of the salt
Rock salt is:
Drilled
Blasted
Dug out
Transported to suface
Involves machinery
Usually impure
Used as grit on roads
Can be separated
Pure salt used for food flavourings
Used for making chemicals
Solution mining
Water injected into the salt deposit
Salt dissolves to form brine
Pressure forces brine up to the surface
Brine stored in surface wells
Pumped to refinearies when needed
Impurities are removed at refinearies before water is evaporated leaving salt
More pure
Chemical and food industry
Sea
Salt can also be obtained from sea water
Most pure
Hot counties
Natural evaporation in shallow pools
Environmental issues
Land collapsation
Subsidence
Effects buildings and homes
Risk can be reduced by leaving well-supported caverns in mines
Caverns can be filled with land-fill after use
Needs a lot of energy
Burns fossil fuels
Uses up finite resources
Salt in the Food Industry
Use
Enhances flavour
Preservative
Longer shelf life
Dries the meat and thereofre kills bacteria
Health Issues
High blood pressure
Strokes
Heart attacks
Increased chance of:
Stomach cancer, renal failure and osteoporosis
Government guidelines
FSA
Provides advice
GDAs
Given as %
Clear and easy to understand
DoH
Carry out risk assesments
Advises Public
Economics
Reformulating costs too high
Taste bad
Not last long
Decreased sales
Life Cycle Assessments
Show total environmental costs
Looks at each stage of the 'life' of a product
Works out potential impact of each
Stages
Choice of Material
Manufacture
Transportation
Use
Disposal of end product
When products are recycled...
Look is closed
Disposal impacts are reduced
Choice of material is the disposed product
For more info:
See page 34
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