Treatments Of Schizophrenia

Biological Treatments
1. Conventional Anti-Psychotics
  1. also known as neuroleptics
  2. work by blocking dopamine receptors
  3. cause lots of unwanted side effects
  4. only treats positive symptoms
  5. drugs have to be taken continuously
    1. can be very expensive
2. Atypical Anti-Psychotics
  1. treats both positive and negative syptoms
  2. work less on reducing dopamine and focus on altering levels of serotonin in the brain
  3. effective in people who were not responsive to conventional drugs
  4. have to be taken continuously
3. Evaluative points
  1. atypical drugs are better as they treat both positive and negative symptoms
  2. have to be taken constantly or there is a chance of relapse
  3. both types of drugs have lots of side effects
    1. conventional: muscle tremors, restlessness and jerky movement
    2. atypical: weight gain, nausea and irregular heartbeat
  4. drugs help to give the individual their lives back
  5. does not treat the cause of schizophrenia only the symptom
  6. Cole et al (1964) compared drug treatment with a control group
    1. drug group showed significant improvement ,75%, to control, 25%.
Social treatments
1. Community Care
  1. an alternative to institutional care
  2. quality of life can be improved at no extra cost
  3. can be argued that services are patchy
    1. murder of Jonathan Zito
  4. hospitals can be seen as places that can aggravate some symptoms
    1. stigmatise those with mental illnesses
  5. helps people to gain skills that they need to be able to function normally
  6. Stein and Test (1980) compared the effectiveness of community care compared to hospitalisation
    1. found that unsupported patients discharged has higher relapse rate (58 out of 65) compared to community care (12 out of 65)
  7. the price of setting up and maintaining community care is very high
  8. it puts a lot of responsibility back onto the families of the patient.
Cognitive and Behavioural
1. Psychoanalytic Therapy
  1. has little value
    1. requires the person to have insight into their condition
      1. individuals cannot think and talk rationally
  2. in patients that have partially recovered this therapy may cause the return of syptoms
    1. ego may not be able to deal with talking about the condition
  3. ego being overwhelmed by the demands of the id and superego
2. Insight Therapy
  1. based on the idea that people can be help to gain understanding of their symptoms
  2. one to one thearpy
    1. patient has to feel safe and trust the therapist
  3. cognitive therapy attempts to change negative attitudes
    1. challenge their delusions rather than hide them
3. Family Therapy
  1. changing the communication patterns within families of schizophrenics
    1. especially those with high EE
  2. get family members to be more tolerant and less critical
  3. improve positive communication
  4. help family members feel less guilt and less responsibility for causing the illness
  5. chance of relapse if stopped
4. evaluative points
  1. Hogarty et al (1986) compared family therapy to other treatments and relapse rates after 1 year
    1. medication - 40%
    2. medication and SST or family therapy - 20%
    3. medication, SST and FT - 0%
  2. therapy tends to work best when combined with other treatments
  3. talking about the condition may cause relapse
  4. FT has been found to be very effective in reducing relapse

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Treatments Of Schizophrenia

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