African Beginnings

Changing Survival Skills
1. Hunting and Gathering
  1. Stone tools
  2. Farming and herding
    1. Domestication
    2. Settlements
      1. Surplus
Civilizations
1. Nile River
  1. Egypt
    1. Farming on banks of Nile
      1. Scattered villages
        Ancient Egypt
    2. Pharoahs
  2. Nubia
    1. Fishing communities
    2. Conquered Egypt
    3. Conquered by Aksum
2. East Africa
  1. Trading Civilizations
    1. Aksum
      1. African and Arab traders=ancestors
      2. Controlled trade routes
      3. Christianity
      4. Arab took control of trade = decline
      5. Kilwa
        Stone and coral homes "beautiful"
        Taxes and trade
        Taxed traders for goods
        Conquered by Portugal
      6. Great Zimbabwe
        Limpopo River in Southern Africa
        Trade network
  2. Near coast
    1. Access to Arabic, Indian, and East Asian markets and trade routes
      1. Islam
      2. Swahili
3. North Africa
  1. Carthage
    1. Traded textiles, metals, slaves, and food
    2. Controlled Mediterranean trade
    3. Fell to Roman Empire
  2. Christianity under Roman Empire
  3. Arabs brought Islam
4. West Africa
  1. Trade salt and gold with North Africa
  2. Ghana
    1. "land of gold"
    2. Rich from taxes on salt, gold, goods
    3. Controlled trade
    4. Mali
      1. Controlled gold mines of south, salt supplies of north
      2. Mansa Musa
        Brought peace
        Spread Islam
      3. Songhai
        Important trade routes
        Wealthy cities
        Tombouctou
        Great Muslim learning center
  3. Forest kingdoms
    1. Benin
      1. Ivory, palm oil, and pepper
        Carvings
Bantu Migration
1. Spread to Central and Southern Africa
2. Causes
  1. Overpopulation
  2. Ability to farm different crops
3. Spread language
  1. Most ethnic groups in Central and Southern Africa speak Bantu
  2. 200 mil. people speak Bantu

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Africa_Bantu_migrations_1000BC_AD1100 (image/jpg)

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African Beginnings

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