Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Change in China (1949-53)-Part 2
- Organisation of people
- 1950-51: Mass rallies+ counter-revolutionaries
were public 'enemies'--> 1 million executed
- 1951: Movement for the study of Mao Zedong's
thought
- 1951: 'Three Antis Campaign'
- Against corruption, waste and 'red
tape'
- 1952: 'Five Antis Campaign'
- Against bribery, tax evasion, fraud, theft
of govr. property+spying
- Young Pioneers
- Economy
- All banks, railway networks + 1/3 heavy industry
taken from owners+given to state property
- People's Bank opened in 1951 -- replaced all private
banks
- Got rid of inflation by
mid-1950s
- Farmers had to sell 15-20% of grain to
govr. at a low price
- People had to pay agricultural tax to stop
food shortage
- First Five-Year
Plan (1953-57)
- 1953-57: heavy industry- steel,coal,machinery...
- But- light industry (cotton+food) was
neglected so slow standard growth
- 700 new production plants in Central
China+Manchuria
- Coal: 64->124 million tonnes
- Steel: 1.3-> 5.2 million tonnes
- Pig-iron: 1.9-> 5.8 million tonnes
- Oil: 0.4-> 1.4 million tonnes
- Dec. 1949: Mao went to
Russia+met Stalin
- Treaty of friendship,
alliance and mutual
assistance
- Cooperative Farms
- Why : Half of 300 million peasants from Agrarian Law could
not farm own land as farms too small or not enough
equipment/animals
- 1953: lower-stage cooperatives
- 30-50 families(1 village) pooled land together to form one big
efficient farm. Families still owned land but paid rent for
cooperative use
- 1953: higher-stage cooperatives
- 200-300 villages (many villages) pooled land
together. Had to surrender equipment but paid for
labour
- Hundred Flowers
Campaign
- 1956: Mao said "let a hundred flowers bloom"
- People could have freedom of speech about govr., city problems...
- June 1957: Mao cracked down on critics who were arrested + sent to labour camps
- No more freedom of speech