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ESL Approaches &
Methods
- CALLA
- CALLA stands for Cognitive Academic Language
Learning Approach and is based on the cognitive
approach to learning.
- Focuses on strengthening
curriculum, instruction, and
teacher expertise
- Strives to provide instruction to
develop content subject knowledge
and English proficiency and literacy
- Focuses on learning
through social interaction
and cultural context.
- Uses developemtally
appropriate language
instruction
- Focus on prior knowledge and CALP
development in L1 and L2 when
related to content area
- Focus on prior knowledge and CALP
development in L1 and L2 when
related to content area
- Focuses on learning
through social interaction
and cultural context.
- CALLA has three integrated
components: content, academic
language development, and learning
strategies.
- Explicit instruction suggested from the following learning strategies:
metacognitive, cognitive, and social/affective
- Explicit instruction suggested from the following learning strategies:
metacognitive, cognitive, and social/affective
- Strives to provide instruction to
develop content subject knowledge
and English proficiency and literacy
- Focuses on strengthening
curriculum, instruction, and
teacher expertise
- Instructional
concepts of CALLA
- Literacy Across the curriculum: teaches language in every
subject
- Language Experience Approach:
develops initial language and literacy
- Balanced Reading Approach: provides both phonics and
whole language skills
- Process Writing: writing in all
subjects
- Cooperative Learning: explicit learning
strategy where students work with peers
to accomplish a task
- Inquiry based approaches: students investigate
problems of personal interest
- Standards- Based Instruction: make sure all
lessons are based on standards and these
standards/expectations are well communicated
to the students
- Standards- Based Instruction: make sure all
lessons are based on standards and these
standards/expectations are well communicated
to the students
- Inquiry based approaches: students investigate
problems of personal interest
- Cooperative Learning: explicit learning
strategy where students work with peers
to accomplish a task
- Process Writing: writing in all
subjects
- Balanced Reading Approach: provides both phonics and
whole language skills
- Language Experience Approach:
develops initial language and literacy
- Literacy Across the curriculum: teaches language in every
subject
- CALLA stands for Cognitive Academic Language
Learning Approach and is based on the cognitive
approach to learning.
- ICB Method
- ICB stands for the Integrated
Content-Based Instruction method
- Based on the communicative approach of learning, which
includes an emphasis on communication, authentic use of
literacy in context, and strengthening of all four literacy
domains.
- Language acquisition and content learning should
not be separate acts of teaching.
- Should
incorporate
higher order
thinking skills
- Language acquisition and content learning should
not be separate acts of teaching.
- Based on the communicative approach of learning, which
includes an emphasis on communication, authentic use of
literacy in context, and strengthening of all four literacy
domains.
- Instructional
Concepts of the ICB
method
- Select a theme to guide the framework
of the lesson. Choose topics relevant
to the theme.
- Topics should be maximize planning and
appropriate instruction of the lesson for EL
students.
- Language and content objectives should be chosen to
guide instruction. They should stem from students
prior knowledge and background experiences.
- Arrange the classroom environment in a way to maximize student
engagement. Be sure to accommodate multiple types of student
grouping.
- Integrate literacy and engage
students cognitively in all aspects
of the lesson.
- Provide visual support and graphic
organizers
- Provide formative and summative
assessment for students to examine
language and content development.
- Provide formative and summative
assessment for students to examine
language and content development.
- Provide visual support and graphic
organizers
- Integrate literacy and engage
students cognitively in all aspects
of the lesson.
- Arrange the classroom environment in a way to maximize student
engagement. Be sure to accommodate multiple types of student
grouping.
- Language and content objectives should be chosen to
guide instruction. They should stem from students
prior knowledge and background experiences.
- Topics should be maximize planning and
appropriate instruction of the lesson for EL
students.
- Select a theme to guide the framework
of the lesson. Choose topics relevant
to the theme.
- ICB stands for the Integrated
Content-Based Instruction method
- SIOP Method
- SIOP stands for the Sheltered
Instruction Observation Protocol
- Includes an emphasis on all literacy skills
of language.
- Content knowledge and L2
development are goals
- Focuses on terminology for content
area and core, grade level curriculum.
- Content and ESL
standards guide
instruction.
- Content and ESL
standards guide
instruction.
- Focuses on terminology for content
area and core, grade level curriculum.
- Content knowledge and L2
development are goals
- Includes an emphasis on all literacy skills
of language.
- Instructional
concepts of SIOP
- SIOP method uses strategies such as hands on activities,
cooperative learning, guarded vocabulary, and visual
support to maximize instruction.
- Scaffolding instruction is recommended while the EL student's
linguistic abilities increase. Scaffolds are gradually removed to
provide more responsibility to the student.
- Creation of meaningful activities and adapting the content to be
culturally relevant help students to become more successful.
- Building background knowledge and making input comprehensible for
students are two critical aspects of the SIOP model for instruction,
- Students must be given opportunities to
interact and practice the skills they are learning.
- Students must be given opportunities to
interact and practice the skills they are learning.
- Building background knowledge and making input comprehensible for
students are two critical aspects of the SIOP model for instruction,
- Creation of meaningful activities and adapting the content to be
culturally relevant help students to become more successful.
- Scaffolding instruction is recommended while the EL student's
linguistic abilities increase. Scaffolds are gradually removed to
provide more responsibility to the student.
- Sheltered instruction strategies and
techniques are applicable to both EL
students and grade level students.
- Teachers should incorporate support of content objectives, support of
language objectives, appropriate engagement, and appropriate pacing in
the delivery of the instruction.
- Teachers should incorporate support of content objectives, support of
language objectives, appropriate engagement, and appropriate pacing in
the delivery of the instruction.
- SIOP method uses strategies such as hands on activities,
cooperative learning, guarded vocabulary, and visual
support to maximize instruction.
- SIOP stands for the Sheltered
Instruction Observation Protocol
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