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Approaches and
Methods for ESL
- Grammar Based
- Grammar Translation
- focus on reading, writing, and grammar
- Minimal development of communicative and oral language skills
- focus on reading, writing, and grammar
- Audiolingual
- drills/repitition
- focus on grammar
- focus on producing correct forms
- drills/repitition
- teacher centered
- Grammar Translation
- Communicative
- The Natural Way
- comprehensible input
- not as focused on content based instruction
- influenced by Krashen's monitor hypothesis
- comprehension precedes production
- "provide low stress environment to encourage production" (Hererra and Murphy p.201)
- comprehensible input
- Integrated Content Based
- content and language integration
- "integrate language and content objectives
into the same lesson" (Hererra and Murphy,
p. 204)
- building background before instruction
- use authentic activities
- learning centers
- formative and summative assessment
- learning centers
- cognitively engage students
- provide visual support
- content and language integration
- Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol
- Scaffolding
- Use realia
- Use realia
- Hands on activities
- Guarded Vocabulary
- "the teachers conscious
control of his or her language
in the classroom" (Hererra and
Murphy p. 265)
- "the teachers conscious
control of his or her language
in the classroom" (Hererra and
Murphy p. 265)
- Cooperative learning
- students working together in groups/pairs
- students working together in groups/pairs
- Scaffolding
- goal is to provide a language-rich environment
- student centered
- The Natural Way
- Cognitive
- Calla (Cognitive Academic Language
Learning Approach)
- -focuses on "strengthening curriculum, instruction, and teacher expertise
throughout the entire period that ELLs are developing academic competence in
English" ( Chamot, p. 1)
- -"integrates content subject instruction with academic language
development and explicit instruction in learning strategies" (Chamot, p. 5)
- Content Knowledge is primary focus
- language skills taught as needs arise
- Students learn how to use
academic language to
communicate subject matter
concepts and processes
- language skills taught as needs arise
- -focuses on "strengthening curriculum, instruction, and teacher expertise
throughout the entire period that ELLs are developing academic competence in
English" ( Chamot, p. 1)
- Calla (Cognitive Academic Language
Learning Approach)
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