Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Opposition Groups
- Tsar Opposition
Before 1905
- Social Revolutionaries
- Land taken from landlords and divided
amongst the peasants
- Large popular fan base
- Intellectuals who
wanted contact with the
mass of the population
- Industrial workers 50% of
members by 1905
- Peasants – main support
for a popular rising
- Accepted development of capitalism
as a fact because the peasants could
rise up against their masters
- Overthrow Tsarist
government and replaced
by a democratic republic
- Assassination of
Government
officials
- Agitation
- Terrorism
- Populists/Narodniks
- Believed that local
peasant
organisations
(communes)
offered the fairest
future for Russia
- Encouraged the peasants to rise up
against the Tsarist Government
- Failed to win the
support of the
peasants
- Many were arrested or
imprisoned
- Disliked the autocratic
rule of the Tsars
- Led to the
founding of two
radical parties
- Social Revolutionary Party (1901)
- Social Democrat (1898)
- 1879 – More radical group formed “The People’s Will”
- Aimed to
assassinate leading
members of the
Tsarist state
- Alexander II in 1881
- Political Parties
- Liberals (Octobrists)
- Wanted free elections in
which all men could vote
- Industrialist support
- Used the Zemstva
and Duma
- Non violent
political
channels
- Businessmen and larger
landowners supported them
- More
Conservative
Liberals
- Civil rights
- Wanted Parliamentary democracy
- Used articles in the press,
meetings etc
- Liberals (Kadets)
- Aimed for parliamentary democracy,
civil rights and free elections in which all
men could vote
- Academics, lawyers,
doctors and progressive
landlords
- Party of Popular Freedom
- Intelligentsia support
- Used the Zemstva and Duma
- Middle class support
- Used articles in the press
- Wanted a big
change
- Non violent
political
channels
- SDs
- Mesheviks
- Broadly based –
took in all who
wanted to join
- More democratic
- Organising strikes in factories
- Less radical than
the Bolsheviks
- Members of
the
intelligentsia
- Members have a
say in policy
making
- Broader range of people: more non Russians,
Jews and Georgians,
- Different types of workers
to the Bolsheviks
- Working
class
support
- Encouraged trade unions to
help working class to improve
their conditions
- Bolsheviks
- Centralised leadership
- Working class support
- Marxism (not as evident
here as in the Mensheviks)
- Small number of highly
disciplined individuals
(revolutionaries
- Vladimir Lenin
- Socialist consciousness to the
workers – lead them through
the revolution
- Organising
strikes in
factories
- Support of more militant,
younger peasants who liked
discipline, firm leadership
and simple slogans