Biology-Diet and Metabolic Rate core

Balanced Diet
1. Must provide energy
2. Food Groups
  1. Carohydrates
    1. to release energy
  2. Fat
    1. to keep warm
    2. releases energy
  3. Protein
    1. growth
    2. cell repait
    3. cell replacement
  4. Fibre
    1. keeps everything moving smoothly in the digestive system
  5. Vitamins and Minerals
    1. keeps skin, bones, blood etc healthy
Energy needs may Vary e.g. Metabolic rate
1. need energy for chemical reactions
  1. Reactions are called Metabolism
    1. the speed at which they occur is your Metabolic Rate
2. There are variations in peoples metabolic rate
  1. E.g. muscle need more energy than fatty tissue which means people with a higher proportion of muscle to fat in their bodies will have a higher metabolic rate
  2. Physically bigger people will have a higher metablolic rate than smaller people because the bigger you are the more energy you need
  3. Regular excercise increases your resting metabolic rate
Metabolic Rate changes on what people do
1. Exercise you need more energy so your Metabolic rate goes up and stays high for some time after you finish
2. If you have a more active job you will need more energy on a daily basis
  1. E.g. builders will have a higher metabolic rate than office workers
3. Activity levels affect the amount of energy that your diet should contain
  1. If you do little exercise you need less energy so less fat and carbohydrate in your diet
Factors affecting health
1. Your health is affected by having an unbalanced diet
  1. People who dont have a balanced diet get malnourished
    1. Malnourished people can be fat or thin or unhealthy in other ways
      1. Eating to much can lead to obesity
        Excess Carbohydrates or fat
        Hormonal problems can lead to obesity the usual cause is bad diet, overeating or lack of exercise
        Health problems can arise from obesity
        arthritis
        (inflammation of the joints)
        type 2 diabetes
        (inability to control blood sugar)
        high blood pressure
        heart disease
        some kinds of cancer
  2. Health Problems
    1. to much saturated fat in your diet can increase your blood cholesterol level
    2. eating to much salt can cause high blood pressure and heart problems
2. Not getting enough exercise
  1. people who exercise usually healthier
  2. Exercise increases the amount of energy used by the body and decreases the amount stored as fat
  3. builds muscle to boost metabolic rate
  4. Inherited Factors that affect metabolic rate
    1. underactive thyroid gland
      1. lower the metabolic rate and cause obesity
    2. blood cholesterol level
      1. Cholesterol is a fatty substance which is essential for good health
        Cholesterol is a fatty substance thats essential for good health
        increase heart disease
3. Eating to little
  1. Problems include slow growth (in children), fatigue, poor resistance to infection and irregular periods
  2. Lack of vitamin C can cause scurvy
    1. Deficiency disease
      1. Causes problems with the skin, joints and gums
Evaluating Food, Lifestyle and Diet
1. You may be asked to evaluate information about how food affects health
  1. E.g. 1st food has 388 KJ of Energy and 2.2g of saturated fats whereas the 2nd food has 305KJ of Energy and 0.5g of saturated fats. The first food provides more energy so eating to much can lead to obesity. Also in the 1st food theres more saturated fat fat which can raise cholesterol. The 2nd food contains more calcium which is an important mineral. It also contains sodium which can lead to health problems including high blood pressure.

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Biology-Diet and Metabolic Rate core

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