Energy transfer...

Around 2% of light energy is transferred from the Sun.
1. Some energy are reflected back in to the surface by the leaves.
2. Not all wavelength of light can be absorbed and used for photosynthesis.
3. Not all the light hits the chlorophyll molecule
10% of energy is transferred between each trophic level
1. Not all the food are digested
  1. Lost in Faeces
2. Heat loss via respiration
  1. losses are high in mammals, they have higher temperature
    1. Much energy is needed to maintain the body temperature
Food chain
1. First trophic level is Producers
  1. Herbivores are animals that eat plants
    1. Carnivores are animal that consume other animals.
      1. Decomposers
        Detritovers
    2. Primary consumers
  2. Arrow shows the direction of energy transfer
  3. Each stage in the food chain is referred to as trophic level
2. describes a feeding relationship in which the producers are eaten by primary consumers.
  1. Many food chains are interlinked to make food webs.
    1. Complexity
3. No more than 5 species- energy is lost at each level
  1. Only limited amount of energy is available for the next trophic level
Pyramids...
1. Pyramid of Energy
  1. Actual representation of the data
  2. KJ^m-2 year^-1
  3. Always in the same format
2. Pyramid of numbers
  1. is the number of organisms of each trophic level in the food chain
  2. No. of individuals can be so great, so it is impossible to represent them in the same food chain.
  3. Width of bars- log scale
3. Pyramids of biomass
  1. dry mass by killing the organism
    1. Biomass is the mass of living material.
    2. Seasonal difference in marine ecosystem is apparent.
  2. g^m-2

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Energy transfer...

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