Directives & Direct Effect

Beschreibung

Sources of EU LAw Mindmap am Directives & Direct Effect, erstellt von grantcat69 am 18/04/2013.
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Directives & Direct Effect
  1. Article 288
    1. directives are binding
    2. not directly applicable
      1. do not automatically become law
        1. MS chooses how to implement law
      2. van Gend en Loos test
        1. precise, clear, unconditional & create rights
          1. they are conditional so fail Van Gend test
          2. Vertical effect
            1. directive can never be horizontial direct effect
            2. severely limited
              1. van Duyn v Home Office
                1. free movement of workers
                  1. Art 45
                    1. Directive 64
                  2. Marshall v Southhampton & SW Hampshire
                    1. different retirement ages
                      1. Art 267
                      2. "emanation of the state"
                        1. provides public service; under state control & has special powers
                      3. Foster v British Gas
                        1. similar to Marshall
                          1. emanation of the state
                            1. ECJ - "Subject to the authority or control of the state"
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