Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Indirect effect
- national states have a duty to implement EU law
- sympathetic interpetration
- a duty to interpret
- Article 10
- "take all appropriate measures ... to ensure fulfillment of the obligations arising out of this Treaty"
- Von Coulson principle
- applies to EU law generally and not just to Directives
- van coulson & kaumann
- created indirect effect
- Harz v Deutsche Tradax
- both cases involve improper implementation of Directives
- state liability
- Francovitch
- the state is liable
- "courts are required to interpret the national law to the light of the wording and purpose of the Directive
- Marleasing SA
- MS did not implement directive