Ecology

Ecology

Ecosystem
1. abiotic
2. biotic
  1. producer
    1. photosynthesis
      1. CO2 gas + water + sunlight
        glucose + oxygen gas
    2. cellular respiration
  2. consumer
    1. herbivore
    2. carnivore
    3. omnivore
    4. detrivore
      1. scavenger
      2. decomposer
biodiversity
1. among ecosystems
2. genetic diversity
3. within a species
biosphere
1. atmosphere
2. lithosphere
  1. loam soil
  2. clay soil
  3. sandy soil
  4. layers
    1. topsoil
    2. subsoil
    3. bedrock
3. hydrosphere
4. biomes
  1. ecosystems
    1. niches
      1. community
        habitat
        population
        species
  2. terrestrial
    1. deciduous forest
    2. boreal forests
    3. tundra
    4. grasslands
    5. temperate coniferous
  3. aquatic
    1. marine
    2. freshwater
energy flow
1. nutrients
  1. COHN
  2. cycles
    1. water cycle
    2. nitrogen cycle
      1. nitrogen-fixation
        nitogen gas>nitrates/ammonia
      2. nitrification
        ammonia>nitrates>NO2>N2
      3. dentrification
        nitrates>nitrites>N2
    3. carbon cycle
      1. processes
        cellular respiration
        photosynthesis
      2. reservoirs
        ocean
        forests
2. relationships
  1. energy pyramid
    1. 10% is passed on
  2. food chain
  3. food web
Population
1. carrying capacity
  1. limiting factors
    1. abiotic
      1. sunlight
      2. water
      3. soil
      4. air
    2. biotic
      1. competition
      2. predation
      3. symbiosis
        commensalism
        mutualism
        parasitism
      4. disease-causing organisms
2. Species at risk
  1. extirpated
  2. endangered
  3. threatened
  4. special concern
  5. Strategies
    1. Ex-situ
    2. In-situ
    3. ecological footprint
sustainability
1. human activity
  1. habitat change
    1. habitat fragmentation
    2. soil erosion
  2. overexploitation
    1. cod
    2. water
  3. pollution
    1. acid rain
    2. water quality
    3. heavy metals
      1. bioaccumulation
      2. biomagnification
      3. pesticides
  4. climate change
  5. invasive species

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