Zusammenfassung der Ressource
C1.3 Metals and their
uses
- Extracting metals
- Ores
- Contain enough
metal to make it
economical
- Mined
- Metals
found as
compounds
- Require chemical
reactions to extract
the metal
- Less reactive than carbon
- Reduction with carbon
- Aluminium and
Titanium cannot be
extracated this way
- More reactive than carbon
- Electrolysis of
molten compounds
- Large amounts of energy
- Expensive
- Copper
- Smelting
- Heating the
copper ores in a
furnace
- Then purified by electrolysis
- Phytomining or Bioleaching
- Phytomining- plants absorb metal
- Plants are burned
- Ash contains
metal
compounds
- Bioleaching-
bacteria produces
leachate solutions
- Contain metal
compounds
- Electrolysis
- Solutions of copper salts
- Displacement
with scrap iron
- Expensive
- Many stages
- Large amounts of energy needed
- Should recycle metals
- Alloys
- Harder than pure metals
- Pure metals often too soft for many uses
- Different metals have different
atom sizes, distort the layers
making it harder to slide over
each other
- Impure iron is brittle
- Iron is converted into steel
- Steel is a
mixture of iron
and carbon
- Low-carbon steels are easily shaped
- High-carbon steels are hard
- Stainless steels are resistant to corrosion
- Properties and uses of metals
- Transition metals
- Good
conductors
of
heat
and
electricity
- Can be
bent
and
hammered
into
shape
- Good as structural
materials
- Good for things that
require conduction
of heat and electricity
- Copper
- Useful
for
plumbing
and
wiring
- Good conductor of
heat and electricity
- Can be bent enough to make tanks
- Does not react with water
- Aluminium
and
titanium
- Low density
and resistant
to corrosion
- Useful
metals