Renaissance

Anmerkungen:

• Renaissance rise with the rediscovery of classical world of Ancient Greece and Rome. This help the scholar learned more art from their culture. Artiest and Architect studied classical status and building. This renew of classical culture led the Renaissance develop their art and learning. 

1. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

   Anmerkungen:

   • I put rebirth of classical ideas connect to Ancient Greece and Rome because Renaissance's change was began with classical ideas. It was a rebirth of classical learning and a rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greece. 

Anmerkungen:

• I put change next to Renaissance because it influences the whole Europe. During the Renaissance, a revolution in philosophy, science and mathematics dramatically changed arts and culture in Europe.

1. Humanism

   Anmerkungen:

   • Humanism is a philosophy that balance religious faith. Humanism is important the the Renaissance because it gave everyone a new outlook on life, they focused more on themselves and human nature rather than religion.
   1. Independent Thinking

      Anmerkungen:

      • The Renaissance brought about a trend towards people thinking for themselves.  This trend helped to cause the Reformation and the Scientific Revolution.
2. Politics

   Anmerkungen:

   • Florence was ruled under a rich family which was the Medici family. The powerful Medici family controlled Florence for about three centuries. They controlled all aspects of life in the city.
   1. Machiavelli

      Anmerkungen:

      • Machiavelli spent time observing the actions of other Italian rulers. He used his experiences to write a book called The Prince. The book convey how politics and government really work.
3. Printing press

   Anmerkungen:

   • The new invention of printing press made idea spread a lot faster. Basically, it was important so people could become more educated on all subjects. Also, it allows many writers to produced books.
   1. Gutenberg

      Anmerkungen:

      • He changed the process of bookmaking during Renaissance. Bookmaking had copying all the words and illustrations by hand. The labor that went into creating them made each book very expensive. Because Gutenberg's press could produce books quickly and with relatively little effort, bookmaking became much less expensive, allowing more people to buy reading material.
   2. Famous Printed Bible

      Anmerkungen:

      • The printing press it enable books, especially the Bible, to be mass produced. It was important for the Bible to be available to the people so the people could read it themselves.

Anmerkungen:

• Florence was very important during the Renaissance because it was a major center of Renaissance culture. Florentines inspired a lot of people. People learned from one another. They also produced a lot of great work of art.

1. Medici Family

   Anmerkungen:

   • The city of Florence during the Renaissance was under the control of  the very enlighted and rich family of Medici, who together with other high middle class families (among others Pitti, Strozzi  and Ruccellai) promoted a renewal of the city in particular promting art and culture. In particular figurative arts flourished both for the presence of patronage and great artists (such as Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Donatello at the beginning of Reinassance and Leonardo da Vinci, Michelngelo later).
   1. Patrons

      Anmerkungen:

      • Wealthy patrons made Renaissance have money to develop for art. The Medici family spent a lot of money on palaces, paintings, and statues. The Medici family such as the Patrons created opportunities for talented artiest 

Anmerkungen:

• Humanism focused more on individual’s achievements more than their class or family. They also separated government from the church.  Science also discovered many news things which proved the church wrong.  This took power away from the church because people do not think laws are made by Gods.       

1. Non Religious Themes

   Anmerkungen:

   • Science and humanism had created a lot of new thinking that goes against the church and kings. This emphasis on humanism because people more focus on human life and culture, including in every subjects.

1. Leonardo da Vinci

   Anmerkungen:

   • Leonardo was an painter, sculptor, architect, and engineer. He is a perfect example of Renaissance because he shows people human greatness.

Anmerkungen:

• It put achievement connect with Renaissance because the Renaissance produced a golden age with many achievements in art, literature, and science, but most importantly, it produced a new concept of how people used these subjects to developed there works.

1. science

   Anmerkungen:

   • People began to use observation, perform experiments, analyze, study their results to better understand science.
   1. Copernicus

      Anmerkungen:

      • By publishing his evidence that Earth orbits the sun,  Copernicus relegated our planet’s status from center of the universe to another planet. In doing so, he began the scientific revolution.
   2. Galileo

      Anmerkungen:

      • Galileo created a new way of thinking. People did not just believe in what religious or ancient thinkers had been told to them. Galileo prove his ideas by doing many experiments and observations to determine how things really worked. http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-were-galileos-contributions-renaissance-309094
2. Art

   Anmerkungen:

   • Art was changed by classical ideas and humanism which focused more on realism and non religious objects.  Artist also began to used new techniques and material.
   1. Perspective

      Anmerkungen:

      • Perspective gave a sense of depth and made paintings look more real and three-dimensional. They used shading, size, and the distance between lines to do this.
   2. Raphael

      Anmerkungen:

      • Raphael changed the way to people’s thought of art. He showed classic character clarity and simplicity in his painting. He was famous for painting a series of Madonna’s.    http://thelifeofraphael.weebly.com/importance-of-raphael-in-the-renaissance.html
   3. Donatello

      Anmerkungen:

      • Donatello was one of the first sculptors to create realistic and lifelike sculptures.  He invented the thin relief technique which is still used by sculptors today.
3. Architecture

   Anmerkungen:

   • Renaissance replacing the medieval Gothic style. There was a revival of ancient Roman forms, such as column, arch, vault, and dome. 
   1. Brunelleschi

      Anmerkungen:

      • He rediscovered the linear perspective in art from ancient Rome and Greece.  He was the first person to study the ancient Roman ruins in detail.  His most famous work of architecture is the dome for the Florence Cathedral.
4. Medicine

   Anmerkungen:

   • People started to study anatomy through dissection, and this let doctors understand the body more.  They started using science to understand sickness and diseases and had less superstition. More medicines and cures are also created because of trade.
   1. Vesalius

      Anmerkungen:

      • Vesalius made many discoveries about the human body. he changed what people knew about human anatomy and how they studied it. it also changed scientist understanding of medicine. 
5. literature

   Anmerkungen:

   • They wrote more about personal life and feeling and their experiences with the world.  They also used their local dialect and not Latin so more people can read their work.
   1. Petrarch

      Anmerkungen:

      • Petrarch was a poet and scholar whose humanist philosophy set the stage for the Renaissance. He is also considered one of the fathers of the modern Italian language.
   2. Shakespeare

      Anmerkungen:

      • Shakespeare was important in the Renaissance. He standardizing the English language and expanding its vocabulary, deepening the humanity of the characters in his plays through emotional complexity and using elaborate references to Greek and Roman mythology in his writing.