Renaissance

Anmerkungen:

• "Renaissance" is the big topic we are focusing on, so the mind map is build on based on the topic 

1. Rebirth of classical ideas

   Anmerkungen:

   • The rebirth of classical ideas is what ligthts up the Renaissance period. People want to learn from the past mistakes and combine with new ideas.  Also, understand wny the Greeks and Romans were so successful. 
   1. Ancient Greek and Roman

      Anmerkungen:

      • Humanists were fascinated by the ideals of Ancient Rome and Greece and how they were so successful.
2. Advances

   Anmerkungen:

   • Advances is a huge part of the Renaissance period. These advances bring out ancient ideas and combine them with modern touches to create something special.
   1. Science

      Anmerkungen:

      • Before the Renaissance, people rely on ancient ideas of Greek and Roman. As Humanist spirit took hold, people start to observe the world around them. This approach to research changed the study of science. 
      1. Galileo

         Anmerkungen:

         • Galileo Galilei was an italian astronomer. After his various observations, he finally convinced people that the Sun-centered the solar system. 
      2. Nicolas COpernicus

         Anmerkungen:

         • Nicolas Copernicus based his thinking on what he truly saw. He proposed a revolutionary idea. In realitiy, Earth and other planets, orbits the sun. However this idea went against the Roman Catholic Church, this theory was later being approve with the help of Galileo. 
         1. Heliocentric Theory

            Anmerkungen:

            • Copernicus created this theory, that in reality Earth and other planets revolves around the Sun. This theory was later finally approved with the help of Galileo. 
      3. Vesalius

         Anmerkungen:

         • Andreas Vesalius changed the study of anatomy and have a huge influence today. He was a talented observer and an independent thinker. 
         1. Medicine

            Anmerkungen:

            • Vesalius's study of anatomy changed Physician's understanding of medicine. His book is considered to be the world's first modern medical textbook.    
   2. Arts

      Anmerkungen:

      • Art is a large category that includes a lot of small ones. It includes, painting, sculpture, architecture, and literature. 
      1. Sculpture

         Anmerkungen:

         • Renaissance sculptures were influenced by the humanist interest in realism. They were also inspired by Roman sculptures dug up from ruins. For the first time, they made statues that could be view from all sides. 
         1. Donatello

            Anmerkungen:

            • Donatello was an early Renaissance sculptor from Florence. He studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a fully Renaissance style in sculpture. 
         2. Michelangelo

            Anmerkungen:

            • Michelangelo is both gifted in Sculpture and painting,his arts combines Renaissance's ideal of of beauty with emotional expressiveness. He showed his amazing talents for carving lifelike figures from block of marbles. 
      2. Literature

         Anmerkungen:

         • Literature was changed by the rebirth of interest in classical ideas and the rise of humanism.  The topics changed, and so does the style. 
         1. William Shakespeare

            Anmerkungen:

            • Shakespeare was a skilled actor, but he was an even greater poet and playwright. He had an enormous talent for expressing feelings and thoughts. 
         2. Miguel Cervantes

            Anmerkungen:

            • A gifted write, he wrote many plays poems and novels. Much of his education came through experiences. He was adventurous and courageous. 
      3. Painting

         Anmerkungen:

         • Ranaissance painters were influenced by the renewed interest in classical culture and the spread of humanism. It's a huge part of the Ranissance period. They include realistic settings and a new style of painting. 
         1. Raphael

            Anmerkungen:

            • Raphael was an Italian painter and architect of Hgih Renaissance. His work was admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition and visual achievement. With Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period. 
         2. Leonardo Da Vinci

            Anmerkungen:

            • Leonardo was gifted in many fields, he was an accomplished painter, sculptor, architect, and engineer. He closely studied proportions, made precise drawings of people, animals and plants. He also sketched ideas about geometry and mechanics, the science of motion and force. He designed weapons. He was best known for his painting of Mona Lisa
         3. Perspective

            Anmerkungen:

            • One key advance made by Ranissance painters was the use of perspective. Painters use perspective to create the appearance of depth on a flat surface. They used several techniques to achieve depth. The painters learned that a feeling of depth could be created by lines and shading. 
      4. Architecture

         Anmerkungen:

         • Humanists scholar of the Ranissance were influenced by classical ideas. Architects modeled their own buildings on what they learned. Arcitects added their own ideas to classical building styles. 
         1. Brunelleschi

            Anmerkungen:

            • Brunelleschi was an Italian designer and  a key figure in architecture. He was well known for developing a technique for linear perspective in art and for buildings. 
      5. Patrons

         Anmerkungen:

         • Wealthy patrons made Renaissance Florence a thriving center of art. They created opportunities for talented painters and others.   
   3. Politics

      Anmerkungen:

      • The Medici family protected the city by maintaining a strong army. 
      1. Machiavelli

         Anmerkungen:

         • Machiavelli wrote a book about politics, stating his perspective of how you can do anything as long as the final result is good. If the result is good, even if it means killing thousands of people, the process doesn't matter. 
3. Humanism

   Anmerkungen:

   • Humanists tried putting ancient ideas into practice. This belief plays a huge role in the Renaissance period and made some incredible changes and influence. 
   1. Independent Thinking

      Anmerkungen:

      • Independent thinking is under Humanism, because it is what they believe in. They emphasis on individual dignity and an interest in nature and human society. Humanists believed that all people have the ability to control their own lives and achieve greatness. 
      1. Power of the church and kings challenged

         Anmerkungen:

         • Humanist's new ideas sometimes brought them into conflict with the Catholic church and kings. The church had always taught that laws were made by God and that those who broke them were sinful. It encouraged people to follow its teachings without question to sae their souls. In contrast, humanists believed that people should use their minds to question everything, this lead them into conflicts with the church and kings. 
      2. Non Religious Themes

         Anmerkungen:

         • People started to think about things different from the church unlike before. In the ancient times, people followed whatever was told by the priests and churches, but later they started to question the world really around them. Humanism promoted independent thinking, which led to the belief that people shouldn't follow everything the churches say. 
   2. Francesco Petrarch

      Anmerkungen:

      • One of the firtst humanists was an Italian poet name Francesco Petrarch. He loved ancient books. He was often called the "Father of Humanism" He collected ideas from the ancient times and wrote books of his own. 
   3. Gutenberg

      Anmerkungen:

      • Gutenberg helped in the spread of Humanism. He introduced printing to Europe. His introduction of mechanical movable type printing to Europe started the Printing revolution. Back in those days, to make copies of book, they are copied by hand, which takes a lot of time, not many people were able to read the book. With Gutenberg's invention, humanism spread throughout Europe. 
      1. Famous Printed Bible

         Anmerkungen:

         • Gutenberg BIble was the first major book printed using mass-produced movable type. It marked the start of Gutenberg Revolution. It was written in Latin, printed by Gutenberg. It's considered to be among the most valuable books in the world, even though no complete copy has been sold since 1978. 
      2. Printing

         Anmerkungen:

         • Printing was introduced to Europe by Johannas Gutenberg. Since then, works written by Humanists were wide spread, a lot more people were able to read the works of writters. 
4. Florence, Italy

   Anmerkungen:

   • Florence, Italy was where the Renaissance started. It was the banking center of Europe. Its wealth helped to make it a leading cultural center of the Renaissance.
   1. Medici Family

      Anmerkungen:

      • Rich families who have power because of their wealth. They maintain their power by building palaces and have a strong army. 
   2. COmmerce and Trade

      Anmerkungen:

      • One of the reason why Florence became a cultural center was the wealth trade and commerce brought to the city. 
5. Change

   Anmerkungen:

   • Change is the key term we are focusing on, it can go to any category, but I think Humanism this belief is a huge part of the renaissance period