Innate Immunity

First Line of Defense
1. Physical barrier
  1. Skin
    1. Skin form waterproof mechanical barrier
      1. Prevent entry of microbes
  2. Mucus lining
    1. Trap dirt and microbes
2. Chemical barrier
  1. Saliva
    1. Contain enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of bacteria
  2. Stomach acid
    1. Has low pH acid that kills bacteria and parasites
  3. Tears
    1. Contain enzyme that breaks down the cell wall of bacteria
Second Line of Defense
1. Group of cells, tissues and organs that work together
  1. To protect the body
2. It create hostile environment for the invaders
3. It has four components
  1. Fever
    1. The body temperature increase to 37 C and above
      1. It initiated by pyrogens
        It change the settings of hypothalamus
    2. Reduced iron availability
      1. Iron-required pathogens cannot get the iron needed
    3. Inhibition of microbial multiplication
      1. Creating sub optimal temperature
    4. Increase metabolic rate
      1. Stimulates immune reactions
  2. Inflammation
    1. Symptoms
      1. Redness
      2. Heat
      3. Pain
      4. Oedema
    2. Stages
      1. Tissue injury
        Dilation and increased leakiness
        Phagocytes consume bacteria
        Release of cytokines
        Causing vasodilation
  3. Phagocytosis
    1. Contain phagocytes
      1. They possess lysosome containing substances
    2. Stages
      1. Attachment
        Ingestion
        Killing
        Degradation
  4. Antimicrobial proteins
    1. Four main types
      1. The complement system
        Work in cascade reactions
        Three pathways
        Classical
        Lectin
        Alternative
      2. Interferons
        Involve cytokines to against virus
      3. Iron-binding protein
        Limit the growth of pathogens
        Examples
        Hemoglobin
        Lactoferrin
        Transferrin
      4. Antimicrobial peptides
        Kill bacteria by inserting them into the membrane
It is non-specific
Immune components are preformed
Response magnitude is similar during the first and subsequent encounters
No memory is stored

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Innate Immunity

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	Erstellt von Mohd Amirul Faiz Zulkifli vor mehr als 8 Jahre