Yorkist Threats- Henry VII

Lovell's Rebellion
1. What seems significant, is that there was very little enthusiasm at this stage for a Yorkist rising in their traditional heartlands
2. Lovell managed to escape from the King's forces. Humphrey Stafford was caught and executed and his brother (Thomas Stafford) was pardoned
3. Stafford tried to raise forces Henry
4. Lovell tried to raise a rebellion in Richard's heartland of support in the North Riding of Yorkshire
5. Led by Francis, Viscount Lovell (a supporter of Richard III) and Humphrey Stafford
6. 1st (minor) rising against Henry in Easter of 1486
Lambert Simnel
1. 10 year old son of a baker, chosen to play the part of Edward, Earl of Warwick
2. Gained serious backing- John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) fled from court of the coast to the court of Margaret of Burgundy (France)
3. Later that year, Lord Lovell joined them
4. 2,000 troops and Michael Schwarz (an experienced commander, provided my Margaret) sailed to Rendezvous with Simnel in Ireland, where there was strong support for the conspiracy, including Gerald Fitzgerald (who was upset because Henry would not confirm his position as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland)
5. On 24th May 1487, Simnel was crowned as King Edward VI. The Archbishop of Dublin performed the ceremony.
6. Henry now had the real Edward, Earl of Warwick, exhibited in London to see
7. They persuaded Margaret of Burgundy to support Simnel's claim and to pay for mercenaries to invade England
8. Henry had plenty of notice that a rebellious conspiracy was being panned and thus, had an opportunity to plan a response
9. Reinstated Earl of Northumbria (who led a large proportion of Richard III's army in the Battle of Bosworth) and also reinforced coastal defence in East Anglia
10. However, the rebels landed on the North West Coast and crossed the Pennines in order to drum support in Richard III's old heartland. The Yorkist gentry were reluctant to commit themselves wholeheartedly... probably waiting to see who was more likely to win
11. Battle of Stoke
  1. Henry was not confident he could remember too vividly how Richard had been double crossed at Bosworth and feared that he himself may suffer from the same fate
  2. However, his army was led effectively by the Earl of Oxford and the Earl of Lincoln was killed in the battle
  3. Henry's victory was VERY significant. He had been faced with a crisis which he had to overcome by a combination of shrewdness and hard work, the organisational skills and leader of key supporters and willingness of landowners
  4. He was relatively mild with his treatment of many of those who had rebelled in the process weakening to resolve of many Yorkists to oppose him
  5. He also began to develop the policy using bonds of good behaviour to ensure well- behaved landowners who might otherwise face financial ruin
  6. Tudor propaganda suggests that the battle was easily won. In fact, the threats posed by Simnel was real- 4,000 rebels died in the battle but so did 3,000 royal troopers
  7. Henry took Simnel in to his own kitchens to work as a Turnspit. He later rose to the rank of royal falcons.
Perkin Warbeck Imposture
1. Irritation over 8 years and claimed to be Richard, Duke of York. He was a deluded pest
2. He began his impersonation in 1491
3. It was his ability to attract patronage from foreign rulers, which transformed him from an irritation to a potentially SERIOUS threat. IT DEMONSTRATED HOW FRAGILE HENRY'S POSITION WAS CONSIDERED TO BE BY OTHER RULERS
4. After a brief appearance at the court of Charles VIII of France, he was forced to flee to the court of Margaret of Burgundy where he was trained as a potential Yorkist Prince
5. Warbeck's first attempt to land in England proved to be a fiasco....... Henry had been informed by Sir Robert Clifford. Warbeck was quickly defeated and fled to James IV of Scotland
6. The French were angry with Henry, thus began to encourage James IV to join them in an invasion
7. Later in 1492, desperate to avoid invasion, Henry invades France.
8. During 1492-1493, Warbeck was recognised by Maximillian and reappeared with Margaret of Burgundy
9. Warbeck with an army of mercenaries, attempted to land in Kent. Warbeck did not land but his men were arrested. He was found in Haven in Scotland. James allowed him to marry a relative of his- Lady Catherine Gordon
10. France and Spain did not back him but James was still determined to back him and support his plan of invasion of England. It failed as the Scots were forced to retreat (withdraw)
11. Henry began to raise taxes to raise an army in Scotland. He faced a SERIUS rebellion...... 10,000 armed men marched across the South West
12. Henry's nobles did nothing to stop the rebellion. In September 1497, Warbeck decided to use the Cornish unrest to his advantage.... He landed in Exeter and the rebels fled to Taunton. Warbeck was caught and was sent to the tower
13. He and the Earl of Warwick were both tried as traitors in 1499 and were both executed. Warbeck was hung and Edward, Earl of Warwick was beheaded
de la Pole's
1. Younger brothers of Earl of Lincoln (Edmund and Richard)
2. Henry was completely paranoid. Richard posed no physical threat to Henry and had never done anything to pose a threat
3. Henry had Edmund de la Pole executed and although Richard Duke of York was still out there, no action had taken place by him at all
4. Richard was nicknamed 'The White Rose' but was killed fighting for the French forces at the Battle of Pavia

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Yorkist Threats- Henry VII

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