Renaissance

Anmerkungen:

• Ancient Greece and Rome is really important to Renaissance, because it's where it took place. So it's the root of Renaissance.

1. Florence, Italy

   Anmerkungen:

   • Florence was the cultural center during the Renaissance. It was really wealthy and where a lot of famous figures were bornt. Travel and commerce were really popular in Florence, because it's located in Arno river which made people wanted to trade over there. The reason why I put it here is that Florence and Rome are all located in Italy
   1. City States

      Anmerkungen:

      • Florence was one of the most popular city states. And during the Renaissance, Italian city states were really wealthy, because of it's location was where people all over the world can enter to Europe. 
   2. Medici Family

      Anmerkungen:

      • During the Renaissance, Florence were controlled by rich families, and the Medici Family held the most power. They were wealthy and able to maintain 
      1. Politics

         Anmerkungen:

         • Florence were ruled by rich families, and Medici Family ruled for over 3 centuries. It was pretty successful.
         1. Machiavelli

            Anmerkungen:

            • Machiavelli was a politician and humanist during the Renaissance. He wrote a book called The Prince, gave some advices to the rulers. It kind of disobeyed humanism because the reality was really cruel, and it shocked everyone.

Anmerkungen:

• Rebirth of classical ideas are really important because that's pretty much the summary of Renaissance. Rebirthing the classical ideas is the root of Renaissance.

1. Arts

   Anmerkungen:

   • The art during the Renaissance was really important because that's when people started to include some classical ideas, and have different themes instead of all about religious topics. During the Renaissance, people started to focus more on people and nature. 
   1. Patrons

      Anmerkungen:

      • Patrons are the people that were wealthy enough to protect and support art. WIthout the patrons, the art during Renaissance wouldn't be that popular and well maintained. 
   2. Donatello

      Anmerkungen:

      • Donatello was a Florentine artist. He was one of the first sculptor that made his artwork more lifelike. And also about personality and mood. Which is influenced by humanism.
      1. Michelangelo

         Anmerkungen:

         • Michelangelo was one of the most famous artist during the Renaissance too. A lot of his artwork were influenced by Donatello.
   3. Leonardo da Vinci

      Anmerkungen:

      • Leonardo was also a famous artist in Renaissance. His famous work that everyone knows, Mona Lisa, showed that he's good at showing light effects. And also he's very interested in Geometry, it helped a lot of his artworks. 
   4. Literature

      Anmerkungen:

      • Literature were really important to the Renaissance, because it's when people started to write about different topics instead of bibles. 
      1. Non Religious Themes

         Anmerkungen:

         • Before Renaissance, most of the literature are about religious topics, but during Renaissance, people started to write about some other random thoughts, this is also influenced by humanism. It's really important because a lot of great literature were composed during that time.
         1. Shakespeare

            Anmerkungen:

            • William Shakespeare was a really great poet during the Renaissance, he also composed a lot of plays that are really famous even now. 
   5. Raphael

      Anmerkungen:

      • Raphael is also a famous artist in Italy. He composed a lot of popular artworks, and famous of using ideal human body in his artwork. 
2. Architecture

   Anmerkungen:

   • The architecture was influenced by classical ideas too. But the architects also added their own ideas too. They added round, domed roof, which is the style of Renaissance architecture. 
   1. Brunelleschi

      Anmerkungen:

      • He's very important to Renaissance architecture, because it's famous of domed roof. But before Brunelleschi, the architects didn't know how to build a large dome without it to collaps. Brunelleschi was the one who solved this problem.

Anmerkungen:

• Humanism was really important to the Renaissance, because this philosophy made a lot of major changes like questioning the bible, science improvements, etc.

1. Independent Thinking

   Anmerkungen:

   • I think independent thinking is basically what Humanism means, because humanism is a philosophy that allows people to think independently, have their own opinions, and way to live. And it's really important to the Renaissance, because that's how Renaissance became to unique and successful.
   1. Power of the Church and Kings

      Anmerkungen:

      • The Church and kings were really important to the Renaissance, because after humanism, a lot of thoughts had changed. The scientific discoveries are all against the bible, and also the hierarchy will be ruined because people believed that every job is important.
2. Science

   Anmerkungen:

   • Science is really important to Renaissance, because when Humanism was developed, people started to study science and question what the bible says. Before Humanism was developed, people wouldn't question the bible and other sayings.
   1. Galileo

      Anmerkungen:

      • Galileo was a very famous scientist during the Renaissance. He discovered that there are four moons revolving Jupiter, and he also improved the telescope they used to have. Those are major discoveries during the Renaissance.
   2. Copernicus

      Anmerkungen:

      • Copernicus is the scientist who identified that planets don't orbit the earth, earth orbits the sun. And it's really important because it's disobeying the old religious sayings.
   3. Vesalius

      Anmerkungen:

      • Vesalius was a famous scientist that studied human body. He found out a lot of mistakes about human anatomy and medicine people made and improved them. So he's very important to the world today.
      1. Medicine

         Anmerkungen:

         • After Vesalius's discoveries, there are a lot of new attempts in medicine, and they're really important, because it made people understand more about human anatomy. 
   4. Challenged

      Anmerkungen:

      • Science was challenged in Renaissance, because before people believe in bible, but after Humanism, people started to question the bible. And so there will be a lot of conflicts between the churches and science. Because a lot of science proved that the sayings in the bible are not right.
3. Petrarch

   Anmerkungen:

   • Francesco Petrarch was the one who started humanism. He's really important because humanism basically changed how people look at life, and also the style of Europe including literature, architecture, etc.
4. Perspective

   Anmerkungen:

   • There are a lot of new perspectives after the humanism was developed, because people can be able to think individually, unlike the past, people weren't allowed to think differently. And those new perspectives brought a lot of big changes during the Renaissance

Anmerkungen:

• Change is really important to Renaissance, because it's the time when the culture had major changes. And those changes led to the Renaissance. That's why I put it here

1. Printing

   Anmerkungen:

   • Printing is major change in Renaissance. Before they invented printing, people need to copy the books by hands, and it takes 4 to 5 months just to copy a 200 pages book. After printing techniques are invented, it's much more faster to copy books, therefore it' easier for people to transfer ideas using literature.
   1. Famous Printed Bible

      Anmerkungen:

      • After the printing press by Gutenberg was invented, people decided that they're going print out the bible. But Fust took all his work away. Gutenbuerg was stubborn, so he started another business, training printers, etc.
   2. Gutenberg

      Anmerkungen:

      • Gutenberg was the one who improved the printing methods. He made printing press that can be rearranged and used. Also unlike the Chinese, Gutenberg used metal, which is more durable.