Political Correctness - Liberal Prescriptivism

Social Diffusion
1. CHANGE FROM ABOVE
  1. A conscious shift that's imposed upon us
    1. Introduced by the dominant social class/media/social and economic aspirations
    2. Driven by social factors in response to changes in attitudes
      1. Eg: RP to modified RP
An attempt to minimise and counter discrimination and promote equality in our society
1. Eg: Gender, Race/ethnicity, Sexuality, Disability, Nationality, Age, Employment
1970 - 1980s: Huge social and cultural shift
1. Jobs/domains traditionally done by white men were increasingly done by women and ethnic inmates
  1. Therefore, Language HAD to change to accomodate it
  2. 2nd Wave of Feminism
    1. Eg: Contraceptive pills gave women more control
Resistance to PC
1. PC promotes EQUALITY
  1. Marginalised groups are recognised
    1. Challenges DOMINANT groups
      1. Middle/ Upper class white men
2. Anti PC
  1. States: 'PC is stifling free speech and freedom of expression'
  2. Pernicious movement to undermine PC - 'Urban myths' created
    1. Eg: terms like 'blackboard' banned beacause they were racist
    2. This undermines the purpose of PC (prevent marginalisation of discrimination against minority roups)
    3. Anti PC is believed by those in power - it is an expression of their fear as Pc doesn't exist to serve them
Process that language undergoes to become politically correct
1. 1: Certain people have their rights, opportunities, or freedom restricted due to categorization as members of a group with a derogatory stereotype
  1. 2: Categorization is largely implicit and unconscious. it is facilitated by the easy availability of labeling terminology
    1. 3: By making the labelling terminology problematic, people are MADE to think conciously about how they describe someone
      1. 4: Once labelling is a conscious activity, individual merits of a person becomes more apparent
2. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
  1. Linguistic RELATIVISM/REFLECTIONISM
    1. Language's grammatical categories shape its speakers' ideas and actions
Steven Pinker : The Game of the Name
1. Words are not thoughts
2. Words are arbituary
  1. There is no real evidence for connections between names and objects - Ferdinand de Saussure
    1. Eg: Dog, perro, chien, sag
      1. They all mean dog but they all sound different
3. Attitudes towards etymology changes: 'invalid', 'New World'
  1. BUT, over time, assosiationsare less prominent/noticed/contentious
4. Terms that are discarded will be reintroduced
  1. Eg: slum - ghetto - slum
    1. This is called carousel
5. Euphemism treadmill
  1. Pinker suggests Language change is driven by politness
    1. The need not to offend
6. Pinker suggests PC creates stigmatisation (people are judged by the way they use language
7. Overall, Pinker suggests that whatever PC achieves, it is only temporary
8. PC is necessary as it attempts to eliminate prejudice

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Political Correctness - Liberal Prescriptivism

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