Amines

Amines

Derivatives of ammonia
1. NH3
Classification
1. Primary Amine
  1. 1 H atom replaced.. (RNH2)
2. Secondary Amine
  1. 2 H atoms are replaced.. (R2NH)
3. Tertiary amine
  1. 3 H atoms are replaced.. (R3N)
Unpleasant smell---Fishy
Examples of Amine
1. Adrenaline is the "fight or flight" amine----deal with stress
2. Phenylpherine is an amine commonly used as a decongestant.
Weak bases
1. Nitrogen has a lone pairs of electrons and can accept a proton, H+
  1. Dative covalent bond forms when it accepts a proton
2. Reaction with acid to make salt
  1. Ethylamine reacts with HCl to form ethylammonium chloride
    1. No by product
    2. Alkylammonium salts
Naming
1. Alkylamines
2. Secondary or Tertiary Amines
  1. CH3—CH2—CH2—NH—CH3 N-Methyl-1-propylamine
Preparation
1. Primary Aliphatic Amine
  1. Reagents: Halogenalkane with excess ammonia
    1. Nucleophilic Substitutions
      1. NH3 is the nucleophile
  2. Conditions: Warming the halogenalkane and using ethanol as a solvent.
2. Aromatic Amine
  1. Nitrobenzene and other nitroarenes can be reduced to Phenylamine (NH2) and H20
    1. Conditions are (Sn and excess HCl) under reflux
      1. [H] reducing mixture
    2. Synthesis of dyes from phenylamine
      1. Diazotisation
        Below 10 degrees
        Nitrous acid HNO2 is generated by reacting NaNO2 and HCl
      2. Coupling reaction
        NaOH(aq)-- alkaline conditions
        Azo dye functional group -N=N-

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