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Mindmap von Alan Thomson, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Alan Thomson
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Explain why Pope Urban II called the First crusade.
- When Pope Urban II preached at Clermont in
November 1095, reports suggest he raised
several issues.
- In a speech full of emotional
rhetoric he called up the image of
Jerusalem and called for a war of
liberation.
- Because all known reports of Clermont were written
after the capture of Jerusalem, they may have been
coloured by that achievement, making his precise
motives difficult to ascertain.
- Because all known reports of Clermont were written
after the capture of Jerusalem, they may have been
coloured by that achievement, making his precise
motives difficult to ascertain.
- In a speech full of emotional
rhetoric he called up the image of
Jerusalem and called for a war of
liberation.
- Byzantium
- the spark for Clermont was provided at the
council of Piacenza in march 1095 when the
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I requested military
aid from the west.
- Long-term Pope Urban’s own
programme may have been to
reunite the Greek and Roman
churches after the schism of 1054.
- This would fufill the aim of Leo IX
and bringing the eastern Orthodox
Church to the one fold and the one
shepherd – in other words Papal
supremacy throughout Christendom.
- This would fufill the aim of Leo IX
and bringing the eastern Orthodox
Church to the one fold and the one
shepherd – in other words Papal
supremacy throughout Christendom.
- Long-term Pope Urban’s own
programme may have been to
reunite the Greek and Roman
churches after the schism of 1054.
- the spark for Clermont was provided at the
council of Piacenza in march 1095 when the
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I requested military
aid from the west.
- Western Europe
- Urban may have wished to
enhance papal authority in
the west as part of the
investiture contest with the
German Emperor.
- By harnessing Europe's military energy
for Church purposes he would show
himself supreme in the west –
especially in comparison to Clement III,
the anti-pope created by the German
emperor Henry IV.
- In some reports the Pope
spoke of the feudal anarchy
caused by knightly violence
and Urban may have hoped
to enhance the Peace of God
movement and export such
violence elsewhere.
- In some reports the Pope
spoke of the feudal anarchy
caused by knightly violence
and Urban may have hoped
to enhance the Peace of God
movement and export such
violence elsewhere.
- By harnessing Europe's military energy
for Church purposes he would show
himself supreme in the west –
especially in comparison to Clement III,
the anti-pope created by the German
emperor Henry IV.
- Urban may have wished to
enhance papal authority in
the west as part of the
investiture contest with the
German Emperor.
- Jerusalem
- His speeches stressed the
need to aid Eastern
Christians; above all, the
liberation of Jerusalem may
have been uppermost in his
mind.
- He may have wished to ensure easier access
for pilgrims to the holy places.
- He spoke also of the
suffering of the Christians in
the East
- So the crusade was to be a war of Liberation, of
fellow-Christians and of a place- Jerusalem, a site sanctified by
Christ, the focal point of the Christian faith, site of the Holy
Sepulchre, Christ’s burial place.
- The Crusade then, would also be a pilgrimage, a spiritual penance for participants.
- However, was Jerusalem really of primary importance, or just a means to an end?
- Carl Erdmann suggested Jerusalem was only a secondary goal, the real
reason was to answer the request for help sent by the Byzantine emperor
Alexius Comnenus, to exert Urban’s own power and so reunite the churches
under papal primacy.
- Carl Erdmann suggested Jerusalem was only a secondary goal, the real
reason was to answer the request for help sent by the Byzantine emperor
Alexius Comnenus, to exert Urban’s own power and so reunite the churches
under papal primacy.
- However, was Jerusalem really of primary importance, or just a means to an end?
- The Crusade then, would also be a pilgrimage, a spiritual penance for participants.
- So the crusade was to be a war of Liberation, of
fellow-Christians and of a place- Jerusalem, a site sanctified by
Christ, the focal point of the Christian faith, site of the Holy
Sepulchre, Christ’s burial place.
- He spoke also of the
suffering of the Christians in
the East
- He may have wished to ensure easier access
for pilgrims to the holy places.
- His speeches stressed the
need to aid Eastern
Christians; above all, the
liberation of Jerusalem may
have been uppermost in his
mind.
- Conclusion
- Above all, in his preaching at Clermont, Pope
Urban II sought a war of liberation; liberation
of a place, Jerusalem, but also liberation of
men’s souls, a Holy war to provide
participants with salvation from sin.
- Above all, in his preaching at Clermont, Pope
Urban II sought a war of liberation; liberation
of a place, Jerusalem, but also liberation of
men’s souls, a Holy war to provide
participants with salvation from sin.
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