Zusammenfassung der Ressource
World Cities
- Urbanisation
- Mumbai
- Dhavari
- Issues
- Solutions
- Bandra Kurla Complex
- 200000 jobs
- £300000/yr
- Vision Mumbai
2004
- Increase economic growth by 8%
- 300 toilets
- Restores 330 open spaces
- 200000 moved from the slums
- Rainwater harvesting systems
- New Metro Line
- Over 1million people in area of 2km
- 500/toilet
- Only 30% with health care
- 50% have no access to clean water
- 4000 cases of thyphoid/day
- 3500 die
on railway
each year
- 10 times particulate count
- Landfill with 300,000 rag pickers
- Positives
- Over 15000 factories worth $700 million
- Recycles over 80% of its waste
- Recycling worth $1.5 million and employs 10000
- Over 21million people
- 60% live in slums
- Rent is £2 in slums compared with the £40 in the city
while income averages £12
- Rents for suburban apartments higher than in
London/New York
- Call workers only earn $5000/yr
- +1000 migrant per day
- Indias largest port where 40% of there exports travel from
- 20% of Indias manufacturing with
10% of all its factories
- Transport: 2 transcontinental railways
- 40% of international flights
- World City = city that acts as a center for trade,
business, science and culture.
- Megacity = a city with a population over 10 million eg, Mumbai,
Tokyo... Currently 28 across the world.
- Alpha++ : New York, London, Tokyo
- Alpha+: Paris, Hong Kong, Beijing
- Alpha: Brussels, Mumbai, LA
- 25% of Frances
GDP from Paris
- 40% of UK's GDP
from London
- Suburbanisation
- Retail Centers
- Trafford
- Positives
- Easy access via the M60 and M62
- 11500 free parking spaces
- 1600 seat food court
- Over 280 shops including chain stores (eg, Selfridges)
- Over 8% in catchment
- Metro link with 40 runs/hr
- 20 screen cinema
- Climbing wall,
- Laser Quest
- Football courts
- Indoor Skydiving (Airkix)
- Chill Factor
- Provides over 8000 jobs
- Royal Childrens Hospital
- Encouraged renewable in the city center of Altringham
- Negatives
- Over 80% drive - exclusive to drivers
- Vacancies increased in Altringham to 37% (3x average)and many local shops displaced
- Investment in the city center decreased for a time
- Cost an initial £600 million
- Worth £13 million/yr
- Los Angeles
- International Airport (6th most used in world)
- Over half a million arrived in 40 yrs
- Now over 21 million in population (conurbation)
- Hollywood appeal, Disneyland, Universal Studios
- Californian SunBelt
- Issues
- Half of the water
lost
- Nearly 900
golf
courses
which use
900 mil
gallons of
water
- Produces 50,000 tonnes are waste/yr
- Only 10% use public transport (4x less
than in London)
- 2 hrs from outskirts to CBD
- Donut city effect with run down center. High dereliction,
crime, vacancies and dormitory housing
- Electric
Tramway
- Green, open space
- PLAN cost $2.2 bn and is helping to increase renewables from 20% to 33%, build a BRT,
restore brownfield sites, increase parks and build affordable housing. Has helped to improve tourism.
- Oil, car (Ford) and aircraft
industry
- Suburbiton
- Attractions include transport link (18 mins to London), Close to the A3, quality housing and state schools and parks
- Issues
- 70% car ownership causes congestion
- 40% drive to work every day increasing pollution
- House prices are 2x average
- London Travel Zone 6 = train fares are expensive
- Solutions
- Travel Zone 5
- New bike storage units and pedestrian access
- Parking bays and set delivery times
- Counter Urbanisation
- St. Ives (Cambridgeshire)
- Reasons
- 70 miles north of London
- Electric Railway taking only 45
mins to London
- A14 to London
- Over 25% commute to London
- Attractive with the River Ouse
- Issues
- Over 1000 new houses at risk from flooding
- House prices increased from£130000 to £290000 in 10 yrs
- Demand for new housing and conversions along the River
- Pressure on local schools and nurseries
- Local corner shops being replaced by chain brands
- Management
- 200 new homes
approved. 75 affordable
eg social rents or
low-cost ownership
- 240 places in local primary school
and more jobs for teachers
- Employment in local
stores
- Flood protections of embankments
and wallscosting £8.8 million
- £116 million
guided
busway and
new
electrified
train station
- aka Rural Urban Turnaround
- Redevelopment
- Gentrification
- Islington and
Notting Hill
- Old Victorian and Georgian housing
- Close to Londons city center
- Initial pricing to buy cheap
- Nearby Angel Underground station
- Effects
- From £130000 to over 4x as expensive in 20 yrs
- Locals displaced by higher costs and social housing up to 50%
- Local businesses closed as replaced by brand stores
- Wealth gap one of highest
- 8th most deprived area
- 2nd highest child poverty
- High unemployment and high crime
- Ownership from just 7% to 34% in 50 yrs
- Professionals in area increased 27% in 10 yrs
- More stores complying to the London
living wage of £8.30/hr
- New East Manchester URC
and Partnership
- Sport Led via the 2004 Common Wealth
- New Veledrome, National Squash Center, Olympic swimming pool
- Sport City with 10 new urban parks and 12 community gardens
- Sport City Link with 3 Metro Lines
- Surrounding Gentrification in New Islington with 5000
new affordable homes and 6700 improved homes
- 2 Health Centers
- School attendance went to record high and
unemployment from 14% to 6%
- 30,000 new jobs created (600 trained) and
another 200 in new ASDA
- Benefits claimants went from 20% to under 10%
- London Docklands UDC
- Canary Wharf with tri nuclear CBD and the HSBC HQ. Total of 2700
businesses worth £7.7bn
- 100000 commuters/day
- Unemployment from 14% to 7%
- 120000 new jobs in newly built facilities like shopping complexes
- Docklands Light Railway
- over 35000 passengers
- 2 new links through
the city sutting times
to 20 mins
- Safer pedestrian and cycle routes
- 5 new health centers and a sailing
and watersports center (£100 mil
spent)
- Docks restored with 20000
new trees planted and 3
urban parks
- Sustainability
- Management
- Reduce
- 5p bag charge (reduced use by 70% in UK)
- Reuse
- Packaging and product lifespan
- Recover
- Recycling, composting and incineration
- Disposal
- Landfill (should be reduced to 35% by 2020)
- Curitiba
- Transport
- Bus Rapid Tranport system
- 1.4 million passengers per day (80% of commuters)
- 1,900 buses
- Runs on biodiesel - lowest air pollution in Brazil
- Bi-articulated buses that can carry 127 people including diabled
- Tube bus stations to minimise loading times
- Same fee from any destination
- Colour schemed to create easy system to use
- Arterial plan through the city with green corridors
- Over 200km of new cycle route
- Within 400m of every house
- Waste
- Green Exchange system
- Employs over 200 lorry drivers
- Poor receive clothing and food for recycling
- Bin collection for narrower streets
- Recycles 80% of its waste
- London
- Transport
- Congestion
Charge 2003
- £11.50
- £65-£195 charges
- £2.6 bn revenue after 10 yrs
- 5% went to renewing bus routes and a 12%
increase in bus use
- Congestion
reduced by 33%
and transport time
down 30%
- CO2 and
NO2 fell
by 20%
and 17%
- Borris
Bikes 2010
- £2 deposit for 24 hrs,
30mins free ride with
over 11500 bikes and 570
docking stations
- Barclays to Santander
- Blind spot
reduced by 30%
due to safety
lasers
- 33% reduction in accidents
- Revenue over £330000 in first 100 days
- 49% promoted to cycle
- BedZED 2000-2002
- 100 homes/workspace for 100
- 90% less energy for heating
- 45% less electricity
- 11% solar powered
- 60% waste recycled
- 65% less car milage
- 777m2 solar panels
- 300mm insulation
jackets and triple glazing
- Face south with rainwater
harvesting and recycling
- Use LEDs
- Offices north facing to
minimise air con
- Green transport, charging points
for electric cars and car pooling
- All material sources in 50m radius
- Powerplant uses tree cuttings as power source
- LEDC's
- China
- PM2.5 air quality 25X limit
- 200 days of smog in Hangzhou
- Lung cancer 3X average
- Mist cannons
worth $90000
each
- Number Plate
lottery and
cap on new
cars
- Kenya
- Door to door pick up service
only £0.17 and drop off for half
- World bike = income
- Cairo
- 30% is salvaged and recycled
- Sell products abroad