5508513
Comparing and Contrasting First and
Second Language Acquisition
Implications for Language Teachers
- Similarities between First and Second Language Acquisition
- Developmental Sequences
- Rod Ellis (1984)
- covers the idea of developmental sequences in detail and outlines three
developmental stages
- The silent period
- Children acquiring their first language go through a period of listening to the language they are
exposed to.
- Children acquiring their first language go through a period of listening to the language they are
exposed to.
- Formulaic speech
- Expressions which are learnt as unanalysable wholes and employed on particular occasions (Lyons,
1968, cited in Ellis, 1994)
- These expressions can have the form of routines ,Krashen (1982)
- These expressions can have the form of routines ,Krashen (1982)
- Expressions which are learnt as unanalysable wholes and employed on particular occasions (Lyons,
1968, cited in Ellis, 1994)
- Structural and semantic
simplification.
- Structural simplifications take the form of omitting grammatical functors
(e.g. articles, auxiliary verbs) and semantic simplifications take the form of
omitting content words (e. g. nouns, verbs).
- Structural simplifications take the form of omitting grammatical functors
(e.g. articles, auxiliary verbs) and semantic simplifications take the form of
omitting content words (e. g. nouns, verbs).
- The silent period
- covers the idea of developmental sequences in detail and outlines three
developmental stages
- Rod Ellis (1984)
- Developmental Sequences
- Acquisition Order
- Acquiring grammatical morphemes
- Acquiring grammatical morphemes
- Linguistic Universals and Markedness
- Generative school
- Chomsky
- Approaches to linguistic universals
- Approaches to linguistic universals
- Chomsky
- Typological universals
- Greenberg (1966, in Ellis 1994)
- Greenberg (1966, in Ellis 1994)
- Generative school
- Input
- "Language which a learner hears or receives and from which he or she can learn” (Richards et al., 1989, p.
143)
- Crucial Language Acquisition
- Crucial Language Acquisition
- "Language which a learner hears or receives and from which he or she can learn” (Richards et al., 1989, p.
143)
- Behavioristic Views of Language Acquisition
- Operant conditioning.(Pavlov,B.F.Skinner)
- Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), Vygotsky (1982)
- Operant conditioning.(Pavlov,B.F.Skinner)
- Differences in First and Second Language Acquisition
- The Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis Krashen,
(1982)
- The Critical Period Hypothesis
- Neurological Considerations
- Lateralization makes it difficult for people to be able ever again to easily acquire fluent control of
the second language or native-like pronunciation. (Thomas Scovel 1969 )
- Lateralization makes it difficult for people to be able ever again to easily acquire fluent control of
the second language or native-like pronunciation. (Thomas Scovel 1969 )
- Psychomotor Consideration
- The decline of the flexibility in the speech muscles, prevents adult second language
learners to reach native-like pronunciation in the second language
- (Brown, 1994).
- (Brown, 1994).
- The decline of the flexibility in the speech muscles, prevents adult second language
learners to reach native-like pronunciation in the second language
- Affective Considerations
- Inhibition, attitudes, anxiety,
and motivation
- Inhibition, attitudes, anxiety,
and motivation
- Fossilization
- The possible causes for fossilization are suggested to be age ,lack of desire to articulate and lack of
learning opportunity
- The possible causes for fossilization are suggested to be age ,lack of desire to articulate and lack of
learning opportunity
- Neurological Considerations
- The Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis Krashen,
(1982)
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