56177
Beschreibung
Mindmap von MeganAbigail, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von MeganAbigail
vor mehr als 11 Jahre
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Key Approaches, The Behaviourist Approach
- Stimulus and Response
- Stimulus
- A change in the environment
- A change in the environment
- Response
- How you act depending on the change
- How you act depending on the change
- Stimulus
- Assumptions
- Behaviour is learned from
the environment
- Behaviour is determined by reinforcement or
punishment of past learning experiences
- Observable behaviour
should be studied
- Psychology should investigate the
laws of learning
- Behaviour is learned from
the environment
- Classical Conditioning
- Learning a response due to the association of a neutral
stimulus with an unconditioned reflex response
- Watson and Raynor
- Little Albert
- Wanted to see if fear can be
conditioned, Albert was 11 months
old when study took place.
- Presented Albert with rat, whenever he reached for rat a loud
noise was made, eventually when only shown rat he showed fear.
Fear can be conditioned
- Ethical issues
- Fear didn't stop
- Transferred to other objects
too, especially white
substances
- Fear didn't stop
- Was a case study so results
cannot be generalised
- Wanted to see if fear can be
conditioned, Albert was 11 months
old when study took place.
- Little Albert
- Learning a response due to the association of a neutral
stimulus with an unconditioned reflex response
- Operant Conditioning
- Focus is on the consequence of a given response, actions
have a consequence, consequence determines if action will
be repeated in the future
- Positive reinforcement
- Increases likelyhood of a desired behaviour.
Provides feeling of satisfaction
- Increases likelyhood of a desired behaviour.
Provides feeling of satisfaction
- Negative Reinforcement
- Involves removement of bad experience
to increase likelyhood of desired
response
- Involves removement of bad experience
to increase likelyhood of desired
response
- Focus is on the consequence of a given response, actions
have a consequence, consequence determines if action will
be repeated in the future
- Strengths and Limitations
- Strengths
- Has provided a number of practical applications
and techniques to shape behaviour
- Use of rigorous experimental methods of
research enhances the credibility of psychology
as a scientific discipline
- Has provided a number of practical applications
and techniques to shape behaviour
- Limitations
- Criticised on denial of free will
- Principles of operant and classical
conditioning do not account for
spontaneous behaviour in humans
- Ignores mental processes that are involved in learning
unlike the cognitive approach
- Criticised on denial of free will
- Strengths
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