King John, the barons and the Magna Carta

King John took to the throne in 1199
1. the barons had problems with him since the beginning of his reign
  1. the barons had two choices
    1. they could overthrow him and replace him with someone else-but who?
    2. make him do what they wanted
      1. the barons wanted a charter, signed by him which would guarantee certain rights and freedoms.
        they knew they would have to get the king into a position where he had no choice but to sign
        the barons chose Robert Fitz Walter as there leader
        they put together an army to occupy London. King John couldnt raise an army without the support of the barons, so he had to negotiate with them
        on june 19th 1215 after holding out for four days, john decided to meet the barons at Runnymede, near windsor.
        he signed the charter, in return the barons agreed to be loyal
        King John didnt like the charter one bit
        in 1216 he died
        his successor was his son, 9 year old Henry
        because he was so young, William marshall ruled for him
        together with the most powerful barons, they reissued the charter and was signed by themselves and henry
        King Henry lll hated the Magna carta he had signed when he was a child
        he distrusted the barons and they distrusted him
        henry felt the provisions of Oxford has taken away too much of his power
        the leader of the barons, simon de Montford, threatened war against henry if he didnt accept them
        although he signed the provisions, henry started to raise an army to fight the barons
        in 1264 he was ready for war but was defeated at the battle of Lewes
        henry and his son(Prince Edward) were taken prisoner

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King John, the barons and the Magna Carta

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