C1_states, p&s changes + particles

physical & chemical changes
1. physical = a change when a substance changes ate shape or breaks
  1. e.g. heating
    1. How do you know its a physical change?
      1. ~ The opposite of all the chemical changes.
      2. ~ it is reversible
      3. ~ It can be separated.
2. chemical = a change that produces one or more new substances.
  1. eg. burning
    1. How do you know its a chemical change?
      1. ~ The colour of the product will change.
      2. ~ Bubbles of gas appear
      3. ~ The temperature changes.
      4. ~There's light given offf
solid, liquid and gas.
1. solid
  1. has a definite shape
  2. has a definite volume
  3. cannot be compressed
  4. it cant flow.
  5. the particles have a fixed shape, and pattern
  6. they can only vibrate.
2. liquid.
  1. it cant be squashed
  2. it can flow
  3. it doesn't have a definite shape
  4. its volume is definite
  5. the particles are arranged randomly
  6. liquid particles touch each other
3. gas.
  1. no definite shape
  2. no fixed volume
  3. takes the shape of a container
  4. can be compressed
  5. particles are randomly arranged
  6. move around freely
  7. large spaces in-between particles
limitations of particle model.
1. doesn't account for........
  1. the size of the particles
  2. the electro-static forces between the particles
  3. the distance between the paricles
    1. How do you work out the ratio of the distance between the particles.
      1. distance/diameter
        *you will be given the distance and diameter
        e.g. 3.4x10-9/0.2x10-11=0.55x10^2
        remember, the diameter is double the radius.

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C1_states, p&s changes + particles

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