Aristotle

Aristotle

INFLUENCE OF PLATO
1. Aristotle rejected the theory of Forms.
2. Aristotle emphasised the importance of studying the physical world.
  1. EMPIRICIST
    1. Views/claims supported by observable evidence are meaningful
3. Aristotle rejected a dualist view.
  1. Dualism = idea that the mind and body are two separate substances.
  2. Monism = body and soul are interconnected.
CAUSES
1. MATERIAL
  1. The matter from which something is made.
    1. e.g. the statue was made of bronze.
2. EFFICIENT
  1. The agent that brings something about.
    1. e.g. the sculptor and the chisel.
3. FORMAL
  1. The form of the object.
    1. e.g. the shape or design the bronze is sculpted into.
4. FINAL
  1. The goal or purpose that a thing moves towards.
    1. e.g the purpose of the sculpture.
  2. The final cause is TELEOLOGICAL.
    1. Is concerned with the function of the object and why it's done.
PRIME MOVER
1. The unchanging cause of all that exists.
  1. Causes motion and change, is eternal.
2. Aristotle reached the conclusion of a prime mover having observed 4 things.
  1. The physical world is in a constant state of motion and change.
  2. Planets seem to move eternally.
  3. Change is always caused by something.
  4. Objects are in a state of actuality and potentiality.
3. The prime mover is linked with God.
4. The prime mover exists by necessity.
PRIME MOVER PROBLEMS
1. The relationship between the prime mover and the universe is unclear.
2. There is the argument that what exists is down to the laws of science.

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