TRANSPORTATION REGULATION & PUBLIC POLICY.

Regulation of Transportation.
1. Nature of Regulation
  1. Pure competition
  2. Free market
  3. Imperfections in the market place.
    1. Provide government controls
      1. Maintaining & enforcement competition
      2. Substitute economic regulation for competition
      3. Assume ownership and direct control
2. Common Law
  1. Relies on the judicial precedent
3. Independent Regulatory Commisions
  1. ICC. Interstate Commerce Commission.
    1. Regulate the US railroad industry
      1. NOW: Surface Transportation Board
  2. Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB)
  3. Federal Maritime Commission
  4. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
4. Courts
  1. Make de final ruling on the constitutionality of regulatory statutes and the interpretation of the regulation.
5. Safety Regulation
  1. Control operations personnel qualifications, vehicles, equipment hours of service for vehicles operators.
  2. FAA. Federal Aviation Adm.
  3. FMCSA. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
  4. NHTSA. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
  5. FRA. Federal Railroad Adm
6. State Regulations
  1. To protect the health and welfare of the citizens
Development of Regulation
1. 1.- Determine if a firm can enter an industry.
2. 2.- Determine which market can served in that indusry
3. 3.- Determine the prices that firms can charge customers in the market
Antitrust Laws in Transportation
1. Sherman Antitrust Act.
  1. Sect 1. Trusts in restraint of trade illegal.
  2. Sect 2. Monopolizing trade a felony; penalty
2. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FTC
  1. Agency in antitrust situations.
3. Transportation services violations
  1. Per se Violation
    1. Economic harm done to competitors.
  2. Rule of Reason
    1. Harm cause the activities can be undertaken by firms w/no antitrust implications.
Need for Policy
1. Determine the amount of national resources dedicated to transportation & the quality of service.
2. Responsibility of:
  1. Ensure the safety of travelers
  2. Protect the public from the abuse of monopoly power.
  3. Promote fair competition
Declaration of National Transportation Policy
1. Provide direction to STB in managering transportation regulation
  1. Railroads
  2. Motor carriers
  3. pipelines.
Policy Setters
1. Executive branch.
2. Congressional Committees
3. Regulatory Agencies
4. Judicial System
5. Industry Associations
Public Planning Analysis
1. Air
  1. (FFA) air traffic control system.
2. Motor & Highway
  1. Highway Development
3. Rail
  1. Regional Railroad Reogarnization
  2. Consolidate Rail Corporation (Conrail)
  3. Federal Railroad Administration
4. Domestic water
  1. Army Corps of Engineers
  2. US Cost Guard
5. International water.
  1. Maritime Administration
6. Pipeline
  1. No public financial support.
7. Compare the initial costs to the financial, environmental and social benefits
Transportation Promotion in Perspective
1. Nationalization
  1. Extreme form of public assitance or provision of transportation.
2. User Charges
  1. To pay for some or all services used by the carrier or mode.
    1. Existence charge.
    2. Unit charge
    3. Relative charge
Transportation Safety
1. Economic Deregulation
  1. Safety regulation
2. Federal Safety Regulations
  1. Transportation operations: labor qualifications, operating procedures, equipment specifications

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TRANSPORTATION REGULATION & PUBLIC POLICY.

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