60964
Beschreibung
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Alexander III
1881 - 1894
- Problems
- Keeping large, multi-ethnic
empire together.
- Russification
- 1885 - Only use of Russian language.
- 1885 - Only use of Russian language.
- Russification
- Eradication of Tsarism.
- People's Will 1879
- People's Will 1879
- Legacy left by his father.
- Did not approve of
fathers modernising
policies.
- In 1881 - launched
Russia on a return
to conservatism
(End to further
political reform.
- In 1881 - launched
Russia on a return
to conservatism
(End to further
political reform.
- Did not approve of
fathers modernising
policies.
- Keeping large, multi-ethnic
empire together.
- Politcal repression
- Moderates
- Liberals who supported peaceful
political change. Wanted freedom of
the press and national parliment
elected by educated and wealthy.
- Liberals who supported peaceful
political change. Wanted freedom of
the press and national parliment
elected by educated and wealthy.
- Extremists
- People's Will / Nihilists -
wanted to destroy Tsar's rule
and give power to people
(without any clear plan as
how it might work).
- Political and economic
power handed to the
peasants.
- People's Will / Nihilists -
wanted to destroy Tsar's rule
and give power to people
(without any clear plan as
how it might work).
- Pobedonostev
- Chief minister and
leading official of
the state church.
- Masterminded Alexander II's Manifesto - April 1881.
- Absolute political power resided in the Tsar.
- Undo reforms made by Alexander II.
- Absolute political power resided in the Tsar.
- Masterminded Alexander II's Manifesto - April 1881.
- Chief minister and
leading official of
the state church.
- Moderates
- New government
- Statute of State security.
- Government-controlled courts to try government
opponents without the need for a jury.
- Government-controlled courts to try government
opponents without the need for a jury.
- Prevent spread of radical ideas.
- Press freedom restricted.
- Foreign books and
newspapers censored by
Okhrana (secret police).
- University fees increased to exclude
all but the very wealthy.
- 1884 - under control of gov.
- 1884 - under control of gov.
- Press freedom restricted.
- Repressive policies did not
destroy extremist groups.
- Increased central control
- Religious control over education.
- Zemstav primary
schools under
Church control.
- Sons of peasants and workers
could not enter secondary
school.
- Zemstav primary
schools under
Church control.
- Pobedonostev turned the
clock back in terms of social
and political reform.
- Russia under control of Tsar,
landed classes and Russian
Orthadox Church.
- Russia under control of Tsar,
landed classes and Russian
Orthadox Church.
- Religious control over education.
- Statute of State security.
- Financial reform
- Most
economically
underdeveloped
Great Power.
- Economy mainly
based on
agriculture -
backwards and
underproductive.
- Finance minister
- Nikolai Bunge
- 1882 - laws to
reduce tax burden on
peasanst.
- Peasant Land Bank
- Loan facilities to help increase
land size = more productive.
- Loan facilities to help increase
land size = more productive.
- 1882 - laws to
reduce tax burden on
peasanst.
- Ivan
Vyshnegradsky
- 1889 - Financial
incentives for
peasants to
migrate to Siberia
- Took pressure off land demand. Couldnt
prevent famine of 1891.
- Took pressure off land demand. Couldnt
prevent famine of 1891.
- Finance
economic
development
from foreign
loans.
- Foundations
for Witte
(1890s)
- Foundations
for Witte
(1890s)
- 1889 - Financial
incentives for
peasants to
migrate to Siberia
- Nikolai Bunge
- Most
economically
underdeveloped
Great Power.
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