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61445
Physics: Electricity and Energy
Beschreibung
National 5 Physics (Electricity and Energy) Mindmap am Physics: Electricity and Energy, erstellt von Lewis White am 29/04/2013.
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electricity and energy
physics
physics
electricity and energy
national 5
Mindmap von
Lewis White
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von
Lewis White
vor mehr als 11 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Physics: Electricity and Energy
The Atomic Model, Electrical Charge Carriers and Electrostatics
The Atomic Model is made up of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
Neutrons give off a Neutral charge
Protons give off a Positive charge
Electrons give off a Negative charge
These are called atoms
Opposites attract
Same repel
When objects rub together, this is called Electrostatics
This is how a Van Der Graff works
For example, a photocopier
Electrical Current
Electrons are free to move within a conductor
Electrons move to the positive side of a circuit. This is how a D.C. circuit works
The flow of electrons is known as the current
The size of the current is the amount of charge going through it
The current (I) formula
Q=IT
An A.C. current means that electrons do not go in one direction. They move forward and back constantly
The rate of changing direction is the frequency
UK frequency is 50Hz
Potential Difference (voltage) and Electric Fields
The greater the potential difference, the faster the rate of the electrons
Ohm's Law
Ohm's Law introduces Resistance
The higher the resistance, the lower the voltage
Resistance is measured in Ohms (Ω)
The Resistance formula id V=IR
Electrical Circuits
Components connected in series follow along a single path
The current is the same throughout the whole circuit
The voltage is split between each component depending on how much voltage each needs
The total voltage can be found by adding the voltage of each component together
The resistance can be found by adding each components resistance together
Components connected in parallel splits along the path somewhere
The current that flows into a path is the same when it flows out
The voltage is the same across every component
The total resistance is the resistance of each component added together under one
The Ring Circuit
This is a method that has all plugs connected to each other and the power supply in parallel and in series
This allows thinner cables
This allows the sockets to be anywhere on the circuit
It doesn't require a high current
Electronic Circuits
Digital Output Devices
Buzzer
Electrical > Kinetic/Sound
Solenoid
Electrical > Kinetic
LED
Electrical > Light
Relay
7-segment display
Bulb
Electrical > Light/Heat
A device that gives an output using a D.C. circuit
Analogue Output Devices
Motor
Electrical > Kinetic/Sound
Loudspeaker
Electrical > Sound
A device that gives an output using an A.C. circuit
Input Devices
Microphone
Sound > Electrical
Solar Cell
Light > Electrical
Thermocouple
Heat > Electrical
A device that takes in an input and converts it to electrical energy
Electrical Power and Energy
The Relationship between power and electrical energy
E=Pt
The Relationship between power and current
P=IV
This is used to see what type of fuse is required
If the wrong fuse is fitted, it could cause it to overheat, which could cause a fire
P=IV+V=IR
P=(IxI)R
P=(VxV)/R
Paying for Electricity
This is measured in units
1 unit = 1kW
This comes from the formula E=Pt
Power stations create power in four main steps
1. Burn the fuel
2. The steam generated from this causes the turbines to move
3. This turns a generator which then creates electricity
4. This is sent to a 'step-up' transformer which highly increases the voltage sent across the power lines
The reason for the high increase in voltage is to minimise the current, which then generates less heat
The voltage is taken back down to 230V at the 'step-down' generator found near houses
Conservation of Energy
E=Fd
E=Energy (Work Done)
F=Force
d=Distance
Gravitational Potential Energy
Someone may be measuring by height and not distance
E=Fh
When someone may want to know the 'work done' when an object moves vertically
E=mgh
When kinetic energy is involved
E=1/2m(vxv)
When wanting to know the loss of energy
Ep=Ek
mgh=1/2m(vxv)
Efficiency
Not everything is 100% efficient
There is a way of measuring a variables efficeincy
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