Tissues

Tissues

Muscle
1. There are three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth
  1. Skeletal is striated, mulitnucleated, and voluntary
  2. Cardiac is striated, Uninucleated, and involuntary
  3. Smooth muscle is Nonstriated, Uninucleated, and involuntary
Epithelia
1. Classified by the number of cell layers, the shape of the cells, and the specializations of their cell surfaces.
2. The three main shapes of cells are columnar, cuboidal, and squamous.
  1. Cuboidal- Cube like cells
  2. Columnar- Column like cells
  3. Squamous- flattened looking cells
3. The number of cell layers can either be simple, consisting of a single cell layer, or stratified, consisting of multiple cell layers.
4. There are nine different types of Epithelia tissue
  1. Simple Squamous, Simple Cuboidal, Simple columnar, Pseudostratified columnar, Stratified Squamous, Stratified Cuboidal, Stratified Columnar, Transitional, and Glandular.
Nervous
1. There are two types of nerve tissue: The Neuron and the Neuroglia
  1. Neurons are highly specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses.
  2. Neuroglia are supporting cells that provide physical sport, remove debris and provide electrical insulation.
Connective
1. General Characteristics
  1. Connects, supports, protects, provides frameworks, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects against infection, and helps repair damaged tissues.
  2. Usually have considerable extracellular matrix between them.
  3. This extracellular matrix consists of fibers and a ground substance (gel-like material).
2. Major Cell Types
  1. Fibroblasts produce collagen and elastic fiber
  2. Microphages are phagocytes.
  3. Mast cells may release heparin and hystemine
3. Tissue Fibers
  1. Collagen fibers have a great tensile strength
  2. Elastin fibers are composed of elastin and are stretchy
  3. Reticular fibers are fine collagen fibers
4. Categories
  1. Loose
    1. Areolar
      1. Forms thin membranes between organs and binds them together. Found beneath the skin and surrounds organs.
    2. Adpiose
      1. Stores fat, insulates, and cushions. Found beneath the skin; in certain abdominal membranes; and around the kidneys, heart, and various joints.
    3. Reticular
      1. thin branched reticular fibers. Supports the walls of the liver and spleen.
  2. Dense
    1. Regular
      1. Strong collagen fibers that bind structures as parts of tendons and ligaments.
    2. Irregular
      1. Thicker, randomly distributed collagen fibers and is found in the dermis.
    3. Elastic
      1. Fibers that make up hollow internal organs like the lungs and blood vessels.
  3. Specialized
    1. Cartilage
      1. Provides Support
        Consists of fibers and a gel like substance
        Lacks a direct blood supply, so it is slow to heal.
        Found at the end of various bones; in the ear; in the larynx; and in the pads between the bones of the spinal column, pelvic girdle, and knees.
    2. Bone
      1. Matrix consists of mineral salts and collagen. Compact and spongy bones... heals rapidly.
    3. Blood
      1. Composed of cells suspended in fluid. Produced in the hollow parts of certain bones.

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