Geography Tectonic Hazards Case Studies

Eyjafjallajokull (E15), Iceland
1. 20th March 2010
2. Erupted for 48 hours
3. Quick wind changes causing ash cloud to change direction
4. 3 people went missing going to the volcano
5. 2 died
6. Constructive plate boundary
7. 600 tons of ash/sec
8. Rescue plans
  1. People evacuated
  2. School as rescue centers
9. No fly zones in Europe
10. Last eruption was 1821, lasting 18 months
11. 16,000 flights cancelled on one day
12. Ash mixed with water coating houses
13. Livestock died from eating ash
14. Route 1 highway closed
15. Glacial meltwater
  1. 120 cubed m/s added to river
  2. Flooding
16. Respiritry problems
17. 2nd eruption on April 14th
  1. £10m lost in one day from tourism
  2. Teachers + students couldn't get back to school
    1. People trying to use trains/boats
  3. Fresh produce running out
    1. Loss of income in Kenya
  4. Laidar monitoring
    1. Tells you how high ash is
  5. Helium balloons sent into sky
Haiti
1. Magnitude 7 earthquake
2. 12th January 2010
  1. 16:53 local time
3. Occured on the Enriquillo Fault
  1. Northern edge of Carribean plate
  2. Moved 10 metres in 2010
  3. Slips eastwards 8cm/yr
  4. Last major earthquake 1770
4. Two strong aftershocks
5. 222,500 dead
  1. Thousands uncounted for
6. 2.5m people in Port au Prince
  1. 15% dead/injured
  2. 75,000 buried in mass graves
    1. Prevents spread of disease
  3. 80% of schools destroyed
7. Bodies piled up in streets
8. 1.5m homeless
9. 450 improvised camps
  1. 800,000 people
  2. 40% improvised shelter material
  3. 3 camps had portable water
10. Capital's main port destroyed
11. Phone lines failed
12. Leogane (epicentre)
  1. 80-90% of buildings destroyed
13. Collapsed buildings main reason for death/injury
Japan
1. March 2011
  1. 2:46pm
2. Coast dropped over a metre
3. Moved 3m
4. 10,000's died
5. Ripped away most infrastructure
6. Source 100km off coast
7. Automatic warnings
  1. Tv/alarms
8. Fukushima power plant close to source
  1. Reactors automatically cooled down
9. 9 on reichter scale
10. Earthquake lasted 5mins
11. Liquefaction
12. Tsunami triggered by earthquake
  1. Moved at 300km/hr +
  2. Height of wave varied town to town
  3. Deeper water=faster tsunami
  4. Warning systems
  5. Very flat land by coast
    1. Lots of people live here
  6. Defense walls useless because of coastal drop
  7. Houses carried by water
13. Fires from gas leaks
14. Trains stopped running
15. People sleeping at work
16. Exclusion zone around power plant
17. Over 600 aftershocks
18. Temporary shelters full
19. 20,000+dead

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