623308
PSYCHOLOGICAL
RESEARCH
- HYPOTHESIS
- DIRECTIONAL: A specific direction is
predcited e.g. 'eating potatoes makes
people sleep more.'
- NON-DIRECTIONAL: No specific direction
is predicted e.g. 'Eating potatoes
changes the amount people sleep.'
- DIRECTIONAL: A specific direction is
predcited e.g. 'eating potatoes makes
people sleep more.'
- VARIABLES
- INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: This is what the
resercher changes during the experiment.
- DEPENDENT VARIABLES: This is what
the researcher measure, what they
write down or record.
- DEPENDENT VARIABLES: This is what
the researcher measure, what they
write down or record.
- EXTRANEOUS AND CONFOUNDING
VARIABLES: Anything other that
the independent variable that
can and may influence the
dependent variable is an
extraneous variable.
Extraneous variable becomes
a Confounding variable when
the dependent variable is
influenced.
- INDEPENDENT VARIABLES: This is what the
resercher changes during the experiment.
- SAMPLING
- RANDOM:
Everyone has an equal
chance to be pick-
'Names from a hat'.
- AO2: Could get
bias from chance
and relies on
participants
being avaliable.
- AO2: Could get
bias from chance
and relies on
participants
being avaliable.
- OPPORTUNITY: Ask
anyone you
can find to
participate.
- AO2: Not
representative of
population and can
be unconsciously
bias.
- AO2: Not
representative of
population and can
be unconsciously
bias.
- VOLUNTEER:
Advertise for
people to help
you.
- AO2: May get bias
from 'interested'
people or from where
you advertise.
- AO2: May get bias
from 'interested'
people or from where
you advertise.
- RANDOM:
Everyone has an equal
chance to be pick-
'Names from a hat'.
- PILOT STUDY
- Small-scale version of the
investigation. Reveals
issues of reliability,
validity and variables.
- Small-scale version of the
investigation. Reveals
issues of reliability,
validity and variables.
- ETHICAL ISSUES
- Informed consent,
Deception, Debriefing, Right
to Withdraw, Confidentiality
and Protection.
- Informed consent,
Deception, Debriefing, Right
to Withdraw, Confidentiality
and Protection.
- OTHER
- DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS: Features of the
research may cause participants to change
behaviour. Can be reduced by 'Single-Blind'
procedure.
- INVESTIGATOR EFFECTS: The age, gender,
ethnicity or behaviour of researcher may
influence participant. Can be reduced by
'Double-Blind' procedure.
- RELIABILITY: Refers to the consistency of
the research. Can the research be
replicated?
- VALIDITY: Does
the test do what
it claims to? If
yes, we say it is
valid.
- DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS: Features of the
research may cause participants to change
behaviour. Can be reduced by 'Single-Blind'
procedure.
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