Chapter 4 map

Chapter 4 map

Vision
1. The Eye
  1. Retina
    1. Absorbs light, processes images and sends information to the brain
  2. Optic disk
    1. Blind spot
    2. Point of entry for optic nerve
  3. Receptor cells
    1. Rods
      1. Night and peripheral vision
    2. Cones
      1. Daylight and colour vision
  4. Pupil
    1. The opening in the iris that controls how much light is let into the eye.
  5. Lens
    1. Focuses light rays
  6. Iris
    1. Coloured ring of muscle that expands and contracts
  7. Fovea
    1. A tiny spot at the centre of the retina that is only cones
2. Adaption
  1. Dark Adaption
  2. Light Adaption
3. Saccades
  1. The eye is always in motion
4. Optic Chiasm
  1. Where the Optic nerves from each eye cross over on the brian
5. Feature Detectors
  1. Nerve cells in the Brain that respond to specific features of stimuli like movement, shape or angle
6. Depth perception
  1. Our ability to see the world on 3D, it relies on both eyes together and indiviually
Audition
1. The Ear
  1. Outer Ear
    1. Collects and amplifies sound
  2. Middle Ear
    1. Air filled and transforms sounds into vibrations
    2. Ossicles
      1. Hammer
      2. Anvil
      3. Stirrup
  3. Inner Ear
    1. Fluid filled and transduces sound vibrations into natural signals
    2. Cochlea
      1. A coiled tunnel that hold the auditory recptor
      2. Basilar membrane
        Hair Cells
        Auditory Receptors
2. Place theory
  1. Pitch perception depends on where along the Basilar membrane the vibration occurs
3. Frequency Theory
  1. Pitch corresponds to the frequency and rate that the basilar membrane vibrates
Gustation
1. Transduction happens in the taste cells
  1. They are located all over the mouth but are mostly on the tongue
2. Taste cells are locates in in clusters called taste buds
3. 5 main Flavors can be tasted
  1. Sweet
  2. Bitter
  3. Salty
  4. Sour
  5. umami
Olfaction
1. Most closely tied to memory of the senses
2. Allows humans to sense and interpret Pheromone signals
3. Nasal Cavity
  1. Olfactory Receptors
Somatosensation
1. Receptor cells are in 3 catogories
  1. Mechanoreceptors
    1. Presure and texture
  2. Theromoreceptors
    1. Tempature
  3. Nociceptors
    1. Pain
Other key points
1. Psychophysics
  1. The relationship between outside stimuli and mental processes
2. Threshold
  1. The change in stimulus that is discernibly differently 50% of the time
  2. Absolute Threshold
    1. The smallest level of stimuli that is detectable to human senses
  3. Just noticeable difference (JND)
    1. The smallest change in the amount of stimulation a sense can detect
    2. Weber's law
3. Sensory Adaption
  1. A gradual decline in sensitivity over time
4. Receptive Field
5. Transduction
  1. The conversion of stimuli from one form to another

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	Erstellt von Kathryn Boyde vor mehr als 8 Jahre