641170
Beschreibung
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Workplace Stress
- WORKLOAD AND CONTROL
- Marmot et al (1997) investigated the job-strain
model of workplace stress
- this model propses that the workplace stress creates
stress and illness in two ways 1) high workload
(creating greater job demands e.g.) and 2) low job control
(over deadlines e.g.)
- Marmot et al suggested that in the civil service,
higher grade employees would experience high
workload whereas low grade civil servants would
expericen low job control
- therefore both grades are likely to experience high levels of
stress but for different reasons
- 7372 civil servants answered questionnaires on workload, job control and
amount of social support, and were checked for signs of cardiovascular
diseases
- researchers also obtained an independent assessment of workload and control by checking job
specification and role repsonsibilites with personnel management
- 5 years later participants were re-assessed
- 5 years later participants were re-assessed
- researchers also obtained an independent assessment of workload and control by checking job
specification and role repsonsibilites with personnel management
- 7372 civil servants answered questionnaires on workload, job control and
amount of social support, and were checked for signs of cardiovascular
diseases
- therefore both grades are likely to experience high levels of
stress but for different reasons
- Marmot et al suggested that in the civil service,
higher grade employees would experience high
workload whereas low grade civil servants would
expericen low job control
- this model propses that the workplace stress creates
stress and illness in two ways 1) high workload
(creating greater job demands e.g.) and 2) low job control
(over deadlines e.g.)
- workload
- Marmot et al's study found no link between high workload and stress related
illness - therefore concluded that job demand was not a significant factor in stress
- However, Johansson et al (1978) look at effects
of performing repetitive jobs that require
continuous attention and some responsibility e.g. high job demand
- the sawyers in a Swedish Sawmil (high risk job) have stressful job - repetitive tasks, with an unrelenting pace and sense if
responsibility for the whole company because if they fall behind on work - whole production of company is slowed down
- high risk job were found to have higher illness rates and higher levels of adrenaline in their urine than a
low risk job (e.g. maintenance worker) who had less monotonous jobs and more flexibility
- high risk groups also had higher levels of stress hormones on work days than rest days
- concluded that people with high risk jobs are in more risk of having high illness rates than those with low risk jobs
- concluded that people with high risk jobs are in more risk of having high illness rates than those with low risk jobs
- high risk groups also had higher levels of stress hormones on work days than rest days
- high risk job were found to have higher illness rates and higher levels of adrenaline in their urine than a
low risk job (e.g. maintenance worker) who had less monotonous jobs and more flexibility
- the sawyers in a Swedish Sawmil (high risk job) have stressful job - repetitive tasks, with an unrelenting pace and sense if
responsibility for the whole company because if they fall behind on work - whole production of company is slowed down
- Marmot et al's study found no link between high workload and stress related
illness - therefore concluded that job demand was not a significant factor in stress
- Control
- 5 years after inital assessment - Marmot et al found that those
men and women who had initially reported low levels of job
control were more likely to have developed heart disease than
those who had high levels of job control
- the critical factor in determining the onset of heart disease was the level of control regardless of the grade of job
- the critical factor in determining the onset of heart disease was the level of control regardless of the grade of job
- 5 years after inital assessment - Marmot et al found that those
men and women who had initially reported low levels of job
control were more likely to have developed heart disease than
those who had high levels of job control
- Marmot et al (1997) investigated the job-strain
model of workplace stress
- evaluation
- Kivimaki et al (2006) carried out a meta analysis &
looked at the relative risk of coronary heart disease
(CHD) in association with work stress
- found that employees with high levels of job strain were 50% more likely to develop CHD
- found that employees with high levels of job strain were 50% more likely to develop CHD
- Shultz et al (2010) gathered data from 16,000 adult employees across 15 European countires
- they discovered that employees reporting work overload had the highest levels of stress related illness
- they discovered that employees reporting work overload had the highest levels of stress related illness
- Lazarus (1995) claims that the study of stressul factors in the workplace misses the
point that there are wide individual differences in the way people react to and cope
with individual stressors
- Lazarus' transactional approach emphasises that the degree to which a workplace stressor is
percieved as stressful depends largely on the person's percieved ability to cope
- therefore high job demands are rold ambiguity may be percieved as stressful to
one person, but not to another
- therefore high job demands are rold ambiguity may be percieved as stressful to
one person, but not to another
- Lazarus' transactional approach emphasises that the degree to which a workplace stressor is
percieved as stressful depends largely on the person's percieved ability to cope
- Kivimaki et al (2006) carried out a meta analysis &
looked at the relative risk of coronary heart disease
(CHD) in association with work stress
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