Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Seventeenth century in Europe
- Decline of Spanish Monarchy
- The late Habsburgs delegaed their authority in their "validos"
- Duke of Lerma: Philip III's valido. Peace policy in order to recover the crown's finances
- COunt-Duke of Olivares: Philip IV's valido: involved Spain again in wars, provoked the reaction of Portugal and Catalonia with the Unión de Armas, failiure in his financial reforms
- 1609: expel of the moriscos
- Revolts in Portugal and Catalonia: Portugal would end up becoming independent in 1668.
- Economic crisis
- Decrease in agricultural and livestock production
- Less demand=fall in crafts prduction
- Decrease in trade with the Americas because of the interference of English and Dutch piracy
- Charles II died without children
- Died in 1700 naming Philip of Boubon his heir
- Spanish War of Succession (1700-1713)
- End of Spanish hegemony
- 1609: 12 years' Truce with the United Provinces (Holland)
- 1621: Spain intervenes in the Thirty Years' War (1618-48) against German Protestant Princes
- France ended up involved in the war
- 1659: Peace of the Pyrenees. Spain ceded several European territories to France
- Spain lost its position as a main European power
- 1648: Peace of Westphalia: Spain recognized the independence of the United Provinces
- Absolutism in France
- Absolutism defended the right of kings to hold the 3 powers because God had chosed them to exercise unlimited power
- Louis XIV, The Sun king (1643-1715)
- His ministers had to ask for his approval on any decission
- Controlled the nobles in the court
- Promoted political centralisation
- Imposed religious unity
- Consolidated France's hegemony by fighting and allying with Spain and conquering territories in Quebec
- Economic reforms
- Royal factories
- Trading companies
- Custom duties+regulations
- The Dutch republic
- Independent in 1648
- Great economic power due to their trade
- Important trading companies
- Worked as intermediaries
- Parliamentary republic
- Important bourgeoisie
- Took control of the Parliaments
- 7 provinces= 7 parliaments
- States General: representatives of each province met to take important decisions
- England
- Beginning of 17th century: the Stuarts attempted to govern GB+Ireland as absolute monarchs
- Revolution in 1642
- Civil War in 1642 that ended with the Stuart dynasty
- Charles I was executed
- Dictatorship of Oliver Cromwell, leader of the Parliament
- Restoration of monarchy after Cromwell's death in 1660
- 1688: Glorious Revolution
- Deposition of king James II
- Approval of the Bill of Rights
- restricted the king's power
- set out rights of the Parliament
- Foundations of the separation of powers
- They wanted to impose Catholic views over Scottish calvinists and anglican English population