Chapter 2 Section 2 Notes

The Caddoes, Atakapans, and Wichitas lived in the southeastern region
The Caddo Peoples
1. Part of a larger culture known as the Mississippian or Mound Builder Culture
2. inhabited the Mississippi River Valley area
3. organized into 3 confederacies
4. first moved into the Piney Woods during the Late Prehistoric period
5. had the most advanced culture of all Texas Indians
6. major crops include:
  1. corn
  2. beans
  3. squash
  4. sunflower seeds
7. houses were cone shaped building of poles covered with cane and grass
8. sacred fire-burned all the time in the temple; used this fired to light their own fires
9. thought that that the gods spoke to them through the chief; believed in a single creator
10. Caddo men worked alongside the women in the gardens and also hunted and fished. used dogs when they hunted
11. Tay-yas means friends and this is where the name Texas originated
12. traded beautiful clay potter and hunting bows of Osage orange (or bodark) wood. In return they received shells from the Gulf Coast, turquoise from the Southwest, and copper from great Lakes region.
The Atakapan Peoples
1. spoke a language called Atakapan
2. lived in 5 bands or small tribes spread across the coastal plains from Louisiana to Galveston Bay
3. 2 bands
  1. bidais
    1. lived on the southern edge of the Piney Woods
    2. built permanent house
    3. hunted deer for their skins and meat; sometimes hunted bufalo
  2. Akokisas
    1. lived along Galveston Bay
    2. hunted and gathered for their food
    3. in the summer lived in temporary camps near the coast and fished from canoes made from hollowed out logs
    4. in the fall and winters lived in dome-shaped brush huts covered with bearskins
The Wichita Peoples
1. Central Plains of Texas
2. shorter and darker than most other Texas Indians
3. Men has tattoos around their eyes and were named "raccoon eyes"; women tattooed their faces and bodies with zigzag lines, circles and triangles
4. farmers who tended large fields of corn, pumpkins, squash,melons, beans,
5. spent the winter hunting buffalo on the plains
6. lived in tipis

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Chapter 2 Section 2 Notes

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