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A-Level Biology: Cell Division
- Cell Division
- Occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic
cells by mitosis and meiosis
- Replacement of the entire lining of your small intestine
- Liver cells only divide for repairing
- Nerve cells do not divide
- Replacement of the entire lining of your small intestine
- Occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic
cells by mitosis and meiosis
- Chromosomes
- Long and thin for replication and decoding
- Become short and fat prior mitosis
- easier to separate due to compact form
- easier to separate due to compact form
- Long and thin for replication and decoding
- Meiosis (reduction division)
- During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals
- In spore formation which precedes gamete production in plants
- Haploid gametes (sperm ovum) - sexual reproduction
- DNA in a cell replicates only once, but cell divides twice
- During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals
- The Cell Cycle
- Interphase
- G1: Protein synthesis and growth (10 hours)
- Preparation for DNA replication (e.g. growths of mitochondria)
- Differentiation, only selected genes are used
to perform different functions in each cell
- Preparation for DNA replication (e.g. growths of mitochondria)
- S: DNA Replication (9 hours)
- G2: short gap before mitosis, organelles
and proteins for mitosis are made (4 hours)
- G1: Protein synthesis and growth (10 hours)
- G0
- Resting phase (nerve cells)
- Resting phase (nerve cells)
- M-Phase
- Mitotic division of the nucleus (Prophase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
- Cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm)
- Mitotic division of the nucleus (Prophase,
Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase)
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Process of producing 2 diploid
daughter cells with the same DNA by
copying their chromosomes (clones)
- Chromosomes can be grouped into homologous pairs
- Mitosis occurs in:
- Growth
- Repair
- Asexual replacement
- Replacement of cells with limiting
life span (red blood, skin cells)
- Growth
- Controlled process, cancers result from
uncontrolled mitosis of abnormal cells
- Division of the nucleus (karyokinesis) and the
cytoplasm (cytokinesis) are two processes of mitosis
- Division of cytoplasm after nucleus. Delayed
if cells have more than one nucleus (muscle)
- Active process that requires ATP
- Phases
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Prophase
- Process of producing 2 diploid
daughter cells with the same DNA by
copying their chromosomes (clones)
Medienanhänge
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