Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Ferric metals
- Contain
Iron
- 5% of
Earth's
crust
- pure
iron
- rarely used
due to its
low
mechanical
strengh
- mixtures
- Most
used
alloys
of iron
and
carbon
- Easy
to
find
- Iron and steel industry
- Obtaining the mineral
- Iron is not found
pure but
forming part of
some minerals
- Extracting
mineral from
crust: mining
- Separating
ore ("mena")
from gangue
("ganga")
- Crunching
the mineral
and
submerging
it in water,
ore is denser
(sinks),
gangue stays
at the top
- Decantation
- Ore stills contains
a 30% of
impurities
- Blast furnace
- Introduce
ore,
coking
coal and
flux
- Obtain pig
iron and
slag
- burned
at 1800ºC
- Produces
gases
- Obtaining steel
- Refining pig iron
by eliminating
part of the
carbon
- Oxygen converter
- pig
iron
- Scrap
steel
- Oxygen
- 75% of pig
iron is used
for
obtaining
steel
- According
to carbon
%
- Soft
Iron
- ("Hierro
dulce")
- 0%-0.1%
Carbon
- Light gray,
ductile,
malleable,
rust
easily,
difficult
and
expensive
to obtain
- few
applications
("pure
iron")
- electromagnets
cores
- Steel
- 0.1%-1.76%
Carbon
- The
higher
the C %,
the
grater its
hardness,
but more
fragile
- "Acero"
- Most
widely
used
- Very
resistant,
easy to
weld, little
resistant
to
corrosion,
moderated
price
- Structures,
vehicles,
nails,
screws,
tools...
- Foundry
- more than
1.76%
Carbon
- Cast/
Cast
iron
- "Hierro
fundido"
- Neither
ductile
nor
malleable,
cannot
be
forged
or
welded,
less
resistant,
more
brittle,
cheaper
than
steel
- Machine
tool
benches,
engine
blocks,
urban
furniture