Zusammenfassung der Ressource
THE MIDDLE AGES
- CRONOLOGY
- 1. The Early Middle Ages.
8th to 11th centuries
- 476 A.D. (5th century):
Germanic conquest of Rome.
Fall of the Western Roman
Empire
- Bird and spread of
Islam
- Carolingian
Empire
- 2. The High Middle Ages.
11th to 13th centuries
- Feudal system
- First Crusades
- Romanesque art
- 3. Late Middle Ages.
13th to 15thcenturies
- Development of
trade
- Gothic art
- 1453: Fall of
Constantinople. End of
Byzantine Empire.
Beginning of the
Renaissance
- Political developments
- In Western Europe the monarch
depended on the nobles
(landowners with thier own armies)
- In the Late Middle Ages the
monarch's power increased
- In Eastern Europe, the dominant
Byzantine Empire went into decline
when Islam appeared in 7th century
- The Muslim empire expanded
into the Near Est, Noth Africa
and the Iberian Peninsula
- During the High Middle Ages, the Muslim
world fragmented and began to decline. The
Chistians began the Crusades
- Economic developments
- The Medieval economy is
mainly agricultural and
there was littke trade.
- Most of the population lived
in rural areasand worked in
subsistence agriculture
- At the end of Middle Ages,
trade recovered and new areas
of craft production and new
trade routes were created
- Social developments
- Frequent invasions and sackings
caused great insecurity: the
peasants sought the protection
of the most important noble
(lord) and became serfs
- The lord was de highest
political and judicial
authority. Other lesser
nobles became his vassals
- This social structure is called
a feudal society. It had
become well-established by
the High Meddle Ages
- In the Late Middle Ages the
urban population increased.
The inhabitants of the cities
were known as the
bourgeoisie
- Cultural developments
- The peoples that had invaded
Europe converted to
Christianity
- With the birth of Islam, religious
beliefs began to have a profound
effect on the thinking of followers
- Most of the populatio was illiterate
- Art was greatly influenced by religion.
In High Middle Ages flourished the
Romanesque style, and in the Late
Middle Ages emerged the Gotic style
- At the end of Middle Ages, the
bourgeoisie became interested in
classical antiquity, and this led to the
Renaissance. This signified a change in
people's way of thinking