Zusammenfassung der Ressource
The Old Regime
- 18th century´s society
- The society of estates
- Main characteristics
- Priviledge
Anmerkungen:
- It was for the nobility and clergy.
They had major advantages.
- Lack of mobility
Anmerkungen:
- In exception of the clergy
Personal estate was determined at birth.
- Estates
- Nobility
- High nobility
Anmerkungen:
- Received rents.
Occupied higher social position.
- Low nobility
Anmerkungen:
- Clergy
- High clergy
Anmerkungen:
- They normally from noble families
- Low clergy
Anmerkungen:
- Were from commoner families
- Commoners
- Bourgeoise
Anmerkungen:
- Wealthy, but limited political power.
- Peasantry
Anmerkungen:
- They worked for the nobles.
Little social influence.
Paid many taxes.
- Agriculture
Anmerkungen:
- Was the main economic activity.
Subsistance farming ( mainly grew grains using basic tools),very dependant crops and widespread famine.
Lands belong to nobility and clergy.
- Artisanal activity
- Guilds
Anmerkungen:
- Controlled the price the production and the quality of the products in cities.
- Domestic system
Anmerkungen:
- Merchants give materials and tools to the peasants,who made the products, merchant collect and sell it
- Royal factories
Anmerkungen:
- Belonged to the monarchy.
Made weapons and luxury products
- Trade
- Foreign trade
Anmerkungen:
- Trading companies.Monopolies and importers.Huge profits
- Triangular trade
- The system of government
- Absolutism
Anmerkungen:
- Monarchs had the three powers.
Divine rights of kings.
Administrative centralisation.
Mercantilism.
Gold and silver determined the country´s welth.
- English parliamentarism
Anmerkungen:
- After English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution , England is a parliamentary monarchy with separation of powers
The Bill of Rights of 1689.
- The Dutch Republic
Anmerkungen:
- The political power in the republic was held by the bourgeoise. Each province had their own parliament. Estates Generales were assembled to take decisions.
- The Enlightenment
- Reason is a applied in all areas of life,criticising the Old Regime
- Natural rights for all human being
- Knowledge was the key of happiness, great importance in
education
- The basis of coexistance is the tolerance
- The Enlightenment thinkers
- Montesquieu
Anmerkungen:
- Voltaire
Anmerkungen:
- Strong monarchy with respect for civil liberties.
Freedom of expresion.
- Rousseau
Anmerkungen:
- Freedom and equality.
Believed society corrupts people.
Sovereignty reside in people
- Felipe V (1700-1746)
Anmerkungen:
- In foreingn policy he recovered Naples and Sicily
- Fernando VI (1746-1759)
- Carlos III(1759-1788)
- Carlos IV(1788-1808)
Anmerkungen:
- Worried about the enlightene could lead in a revolution.
- Manuel Godoy , minister
Anmerkungen:
- Censor the revolutionary ideas and aislacionate Spain.
- Wars
- with other countries against revolutionary France
Anmerkungen:
- End in 1795 ,France win Santo Domingo.
- with France , against England
Anmerkungen:
- Defeat in the Battle of Trafalgar1805.
Lost of its navy and marine hegemony.
- Initiated a wide-ranging reform.
- Esquilache Riots
Anmerkungen:
- Reason: Attemped to modernise traditional clothing.
- Reforms
- The Church was consider an obstacle
Anmerkungen:
- The Jesuists were expelled from Spain and Italy.
The Inquisition was reduce
- Economic development
Anmerkungen:
- Free trade with America .
New farmed land .
Creation of Royal factories
- Education
Anmerkungen:
- New schools were built and expansion of primary education.
- Economic Societies of Friends of the Country
Anmerkungen:
- Enlightened thinkers discuss important subjets.
- Foreign policy
Anmerkungen:
- Spain recovered Menorca and participated in American Revolutionary War
- Continued the reforms and strengthened the navy
- Catastro of Ensenada(1749)
Anmerkungen:
- Centralised administration
Anmerkungen:
- Following the French model.
- Nueva Planta decrees
Anmerkungen:
- Abolished the institution of Aragón.
- Used the secretary of state Fernando VI
- The war of Spanish Succession (1701-1714)
- Bourbon
- Philippe, Duke of
Anjoy
- Winner
- Became Felipe V
- Habsburg
- Archiduke Charles
- vs
- International conflict and civil war
- Treaty of Ultrech
- Austria
Anmerkungen:
- Receive Spanish territories in Flanders and in Italy
- England
Anmerkungen:
- Receive Menorca and Gilbratar
- Enlightened depotism
- Absolutism with enlightened ideas
- New educational institutions
- Modernised their bureaucracies
- Centralised administration
- Expropiate land from the nobles and the Church for farming