The Old Regime, Enlightment and Spain.

The Enlightment
1. Ideas
  1. Reason
    1. Criticised nobility and clergy
    2. Criticised guilds
  2. Natural Rights
    1. Individual liberty
    2. Equality against the law
  3. Knowledge
    1. Key to happiness
    2. Archived through reason
      1. Gave greater importance to education
  4. Tolerance
2. Thinkers
  1. Montesquieu
  2. Voltaire
  3. Rousseau
  4. John Locke
3. Enlightened depostism
  1. Absolute Monarchs were influenced by Enlightened ideals.
    1. Founded new educational Institutions
    2. Expropiated unused lands to make them more productive
    3. Modernized bureocracies and strengthened administration.
The Old Regime
1. Society divided in 3 estates:
  1. Nobility
    1. High Nobility
    2. Low Nobility
  2. Clergy
    1. High Clergy
    2. Low Clergy
  3. Commoners
    1. Bourgeoisie
    2. Peasantry
  4. Lack of mobility
  5. Privilege
    1. The upper social classes didn't pay taxes
2. Land & The Agrarian Sector
  1. Substinence farming
  2. Basic Tools
  3. Land owned by the noblemen and clergy
  4. Main cultivation: Grains
  5. Bad Harvests
    1. Widespread famine
  6. Lack of Productivity
3. Artisans & Trade
  1. Guilds controlled production and prices
  2. Domestic System
    1. Merchant gave tools and materials to peasants
      1. Peasants made the final products at home
        The merchant sold those goods
  3. Royal Factories
    1. Large factories
    2. Weapons and luxury goods
  4. Foreign Trade
    1. Triangular trade
      1. Africa: Items of little value for slaves
        America: Slaves for Money
        Back to Europe
    2. Monopolies: The English East India Company
4. Forms of Goverment
  1. Absolutism
    1. The king had the three powers given to him from god. Kings had powerful armies and controlled trade within a country
  2. English Parliamentarism
    1. Ever after the English Civil War, Britain was under the rule of a Parilamentary Monarchy
  3. Dutch Republic
Spain
1. War of Spanish Succession
  1. Carlos II dies without children
    1. Two candidates
      1. Philippe
      2. Archduke Charles
    2. War
      1. Civil War
        Castille was with Philippe
        Aragón was with Charles
      2. International conflict
      3. Philippe wins and becomes Felipe V
        Felipe V Centralized Administration
        Created a new figure: the Secretary of State
        Recovered Naples and Sicily
2. Enlightened Despotism
  1. Carlos III
    1. Tried to modernise Spanish Clothing
      1. Esquilache Riots
    2. Appointed the Ministers
      1. Aranda
      2. Floridablanca
      3. Campomanes
      4. Who tried to reform
        The Church
        Jesuits expelled from Spain
        Powers on the Inquisition reduced
        Economic Developement
        Spanish ports allowed to have free trade with America
        New land was farmed
        Royal Factories were created
        Education
        Built new schools
        Renewed Curricula
    3. Recovered Menorca
  2. Carlos IV
    1. Worried about a possible "Spanish Revolution"
    2. Previous ministers were replaced by Manuel Godoy
    3. Stopped most reforms
    4. Joined other countries against France
      1. In 1795, signed a peace treaty with France
        The next year France and Spain signed a military alliance
        War with Britain
        1805: Spanish Navy destroyed
        1808: Carlos IV abdicated.

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The Old Regime, Enlightment and Spain.

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