The Augustan Settlements

Context
1. After the death of Antony and cleopatra Octavian sought to restore order to the republic
  1. He believed that the saftey and wellbeing of the state depended on im personally
    1. on his personal and individual ability to look after the state
First Augustan Settlement
1. 27 BC
  1. Renounced all powers and provinces
    1. Senate protested and granted him
      1. Name of Augustus and Title of Princeps
        First Citizen
        Whats in the name?
        Augustus
        used to describe sacred things, temples, linked to Auguries
        the role of Augustus as a leading citizen was not an official part of roman government
        no way to describe this new position and it findamental way of describe this new position and its fundamental importance to the state other than in theological / divine terms
        no longer be viewed in simple human terms somewhere between mortal and divine
        Sacrosanct
      2. Proconsul Imperium
        over parts of the Empire which required military defence
        Spain
        Gaul
        Syria
        Cyprus
        Egypt
        frontier territories
        Army given to him
        territory
        food source
      3. Had power to legates
        make war
        conclude treaties
      4. continued to be elected to consulship each year
        giving imperium in Rome and Italy
      5. Civic Crown and Golden Shield
        What is it?
        The Coronoa Civica
        Standard award for saving the life of a citizen in battle
        Saving empires life
        the greatful survivor would hence forth treat and respect his saviour as a father
        Patria Potestas
        owns people
        state under his control
        Golden Shield
        Pronounced the moral Authority and qualities of Augustus
        Like Aeneid
2. 31 - 27
  1. Held power of triumvir back by Oath of Allegiance
  2. Held Consul every year
    1. odd as usually only held twice
The Second Consitutional Settlement
1. 23 BC
  1. Augustus was away in his provinces, but in 23 BC two events too place which forced him to reconsider his poition
    1. a Serious conspiracy against him by Varro Murena and Fannius Caepio highlighted senatorial resentment of his perpetual consulship which limited their ambitions
    2. He became dangerously ill and this made his reconsider the tiring day to day buisness of being consul
  2. Resigned consulship
    1. compensated in two ways
      1. proconsul power recognised as superior (maius)
        this enabled compete control over the army
      2. granted tribunician power for life without a colleague
        enabled him to veto, legislate and to oficially help citizens
How might we describe Augustus position in 27 - 23 BC
1. Princeps
  1. first citizen
2. Tutela or Cura
  1. Guardian or Protector
3. Pater Patiae
  1. father of the country
Later power
1. 12 Bc
  1. Pontifex Maximus
    1. Lepidus died
      1. allowing Augustus to become head of priesthood
2. 2 BC
  1. Pater Patriae
    1. father of the people
      1. honorific title that Augustus veiwed as the highpoint of his carrer

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The Augustan Settlements

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